Upper limb (shoulders and axilla) Flashcards
What are the features of the clavicle?
Sternal end: - Sternal facet - Impression for the costoclavicular ligament Acromion end: - Acromial facet - Trapezoid line - Conoid tubercle
What are the features of anterior aspects of the scapula?
- Subscapular fossa
- Acromion
- Coracoid process
What are the features of the posterior aspects of the scapula?
- Supraglenoid fossa
- Spine of scapula
- Infraglenoid fossa
What are the features of the edges of the scapula?
- Inferior angle
- Lateral border
- Infraglenoid tubercle
- Glenoid fossa
- Supraglenoid tubercle
- Suprascapular notch
- Superior border
- Superior angle
- Medial border
What are the joints associated with the pectoral girdle?
- Glenohumeral joint
- Acromioclavicular joint
- Sternoclavicular joint
- Scapulothoracic articulation (physiological joint)
What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint
- Atypical synovial joint
- Divided into 2 compartments by fibrocartilaginous articular disc
What movements occur at the sternoclavicular joint?
- Movements in anterior-posterior plane
- Movements in vertical plane
- Rotation of the clavicle by 40∘
What are the ligaments of the sternoclavicular joint?
- Anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments
- Interclavicular ligament: Links 2 clavicles to superior border of clavicle
- Costoclavicular ligament: Links clavicle to 1st rib and costal cartilage
What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?
Synovial ball-and-socket joint
What are the ligaments associated with the the glenohumeral joint?
- Coraco-acromial ligament: Links coracoid process to acromion
- Coracohumeral joint: Links the greater tubercle of humerus to the coracoid process
- Superior/middle/inferior: Links the margins of the glenoid cavity to the lesser tubercle/anatomical neck of humerus
What are the muscles associated with the glenohumeral joint (posterior-anterior)?
- Teres minor
- Infraspinatus
- Supraspinatus
- Subscapularis
- (rotator cuff muscles)
What are the bursae associated with glenohumeral joint?
- Subacromial (inks to subdeltoid) bursa
- Subscapular bursa
What are the movements associated with the shoulder joint?
- Flexion
- Extension
- Abduction: Supraspinatus (0-15∘) and deltoid (15-120∘)
- Adduction: Coracobrachialis (with pec. major, latissimus dorsi, teres major)
- Medial rotation: Subscapularis, teres major, pec. major, latissimus dorsi
- Lateral rotation: Infraspinatus, teres minor
- Circumduction
What type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?
Synovial joint
What are the ligaments associated with the acromioclavicular joint?
- Acromioclavicular ligament
- Trapezoid
- Conoid
What are the movements associated with the acromioclavicular joint?
- Movement in anterior-posterior plane
- Movement in vertical plane
- Rotation
- Movements needed for rotation of the scapula
What are the margins of the suprascapular foraman?
- Suprascapular notch
- Superior transverse scapular ligament
What are the movements (of the scapula) associated with the scapulothoracic articulation?
- Elevation
- Depression
- Protraction
- Retraction
- Upwards rotation
- Downwards rotation
What are the margins of the axilla?
Anterior wall: - Pectoralis major - Pectoralis minor - Subclavius - Clavipectoral fascia Posterior wall: - Subscapularis - Teres major - Tendons of latissimus dorsi Medial wall: - Serratus anterior Lateral wall: - Intertubercular sulcus (humerus) Floor: - Deep fascia and skin of the armpit
What are the contents of the axilla?
- Axillary artery
- Axillary vein
- Brachial plexus (cords)
- Axillary lymph nodes
Where does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery?
Inferior border of 1st rib
What are the boundaries of the 3 sections of the axillary artery?
- Between the inferior border of 1st rib and the superior border of pec. minor.
- Between the superior and inferior borders of pec. minor.
- Between the inferior border of pec. minor and the inferior margin of teres major.
What are the branches of the axillary artery?
- Superior thoracic artery: Supplies medial and anterior thoracic walls.
- Thoraco-acromial artery: Supplies the anterior axillay wall.
- Lateral thoracic artery: Supplies the anterior/medial axillary walls and breast.
- Subscapular artery: Supplies the posterior axillary wall.
- Anterior/posterior circumflex arteries: Supplies the glenohumeral joint.
What is the mnemonic for the arteries of the axillary artery?
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