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Functional Architecture of the Body > Signalling molecules in embryology > Flashcards

Signalling molecules in embryology Flashcards

1
Q

What factors are responsible for the differentiation of the morula?

A

Continued expression of nanog and Oct4 in inner cell mass but not trophoblast.

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2
Q

What factors are responsible for the ingression of epiblast cells?

A

Down-regulation of E-cadherin by Fgf8.

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3
Q

What factors are responsible for the formation of the neural plate?

A

Inhibition of BMF4 by chordin, noggin, follistatin secretion by notochord

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4
Q

What factors are responsible for the migration of neural crest cells?

A
  • Epithelial-to-mesenchyme transformation: Snail, FOXD3.
  • Migration: Slug.
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5
Q

What factors are responsible for somitogenesis?

A

Segmentation clock: Fgf8 and retinoic acid create the determination wave front while cycling genes determine segmentation.

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6
Q

What factors are responsible for sclerotome formation?

A

SHH and noggin secretion by the notochord and floor plate of neural tube.

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7
Q

What factors are responsible for the dermamyotome formation?

A

Activation of WNT by PAX3.

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8
Q

What factors are responsible for formation of the anterior visceral endoderm (head)?

A
  • OTX2, LIM1, HESX1.
  • Cerebus, lefty.
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9
Q

What factors maintain the prinitive streak?

A
  • Nodal.
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10
Q

What factors are responsible for the differentiation of the mesoderm?

A

BMP4, Fgf.

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11
Q

What factors maintain the primitive node?

A

HNF-3β

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12
Q

What factors are responsible for leftsidedness?

A
  • Fgf8 induced nodal.
  • Lefty-2.
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13
Q

What factors are responsible for ventricular septation?

A
  • TGF-β
  • BMP-2A
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14
Q

What factor is responsible for MET in AV valve formation?

A

NOTCH1

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15
Q

What factors are responible for the differentiation of the gut tube?

A

SOX2: Oesophagus & stomach

PDX1: Duodenum

CDXC: Small intestine

CDXA: Large intestine & rectum

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16
Q

What factors are involved in liver formation?

A
  • FGF2 from cardiac mesoderm inhibits inhibition of hepatogenesis
  • HNF 3&4 aids endoderm to hepatocyte differentiation
17
Q

What factors are involved in pancreas formation?

A
  • Ventral pancreatic bud: FGF2 and ACTIVIN
  • Dorsal pancreatic bud: PDX1
18
Q

What factors are involved in induction for kidney formation?

A
  • MM secretes GDNF and HGF and induces UB branching
  • UB secretes FGF2 and BMP7 to induce MM development

Functional Architecture of the Body (33 decks)

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