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Functional Architecture of the Body > The gut > Flashcards

The gut Flashcards

1
Q

What are the structures in place preventing reflux of stomach contents up oseophagus?

A
  • Lower oesophageal sphincter
  • Diaphragmatic crura
  • Angle of His
  • Phreno-oesophageal ligament
  • Viscera (intra-abdominal pressure)
  • Thick mucosa at gastro-oesophageal junction
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2
Q

What are the locations of reflections of the parietal peritoneum?

A
  • Falciform and coronary ligaments of the liver
  • Greater omentum
  • Lesser omentum
  • Gastrosplenic ligament
  • Lineorenal ligament
  • Small bowel mesentery
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3
Q

What are the regions of the peritoneal cavity?

A
  • Greater sac
  • Lesser sac
  • Epiploic foraman (connection)
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4
Q

What are the sections of the peritoneal cavity divided by the transverse colon and asociated mesentery?

A
  • Supracolic compartment
  • Infracolic compartment
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5
Q

What are the different parts of the stomach?

A
  • Cardia
  • Fundus
  • Body
  • Antrum
  • Pylorus
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6
Q

What are the different parts of the borders of the stomach?

A
  • Greater curvature
  • Angular incisura
  • Lesser curvature
  • Angle of His
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7
Q

What is the blood supply of the stomach?

A
  1. Left gastric artery
  2. Splenic artery:
    - Short gastric artery
    - Left gastroepiploic artery
  3. Common hepatic artery:
    - Right gastric artery
    - Gastroduodenal artery (right gastroepiploic artery)
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8
Q

What is the parasympathetic supply to the stomach?

A
  • Vagus nerve (anterior and posterior vagal trunk)
  • Functions include:
    1. Increase gastric motor activity
    2. Increase secretion
    3. Open pyloric sphincter
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9
Q

What is the sympathetic supply to the stomach?

A
  • Greater splanchnic (via coeliac plexus)
  • Functions include:
    1. Reduces gastric blood supply
    2. Reduces gastric motor activity
    3. Reduces gastric secretion
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10
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the stomach?

A

Pre-aortic coeliac lymph nodes

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11
Q

What is the structure of the greater omentum?

A
  • Consists of 4 layers of visceral peritoneum.
  • Attached to the greater curvature of the stomach.
  • Hangs over transverse colon, jejunum and ilium like apron.
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12
Q

What is the structure of the lesser omentum?

A
  • Consists of 2 layers of visceral peritoneum
  • Attached to the lesser curvature of the stomach
  • Its free edge makes up anterior wall of epiploic foraman
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13
Q

What are the ligaments that make up the lesser sac?

A
  • Gastrohepatic
  • Gastroduodenal
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14
Q

What are the contents of the epiploic foraman?

A
  • Hepatic portal vein (posterior)
  • Common bile duct (right)
  • Hepatic artery (left)
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15
Q

What are the contents of the gastrosplenic ligament?

A
  • Short gastric artery
  • Left gastroepiploic artery
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16
Q

What are the divisions of the duodenum?

A
  • Superior (5 cm)
  • Descending (8 cm)
  • Inferior (10 cm)
  • Ascending (2.5 cm)
17
Q

What are the relations of the superior part of the duodenum?

A
  • First half intraperitoneal, rest retroperitoneal.
  • Anterior: Liver and gallbladder.
  • Superior: Epiploic foraman.
  • Inferior: Pancreas.
18
Q

What are the relations of the descending part of the duodenum?

A
  • Right of IVC and vertebral column.
  • Common bile duct and main panreatic duct drains into this part via ampulla of Vater and major duodenal papilla (defining boundary between foregut and midgut) on posteromedial side.
  • Accessory pancreatic duct drains into minor duodenal papilla superior to major.
  • Medial: Pancreas.
  • Lateral: Ascending colon.
19
Q

What are the relations of the inferior part of the duodenum?

A
  • Crosses IVC and aorta at level L3.
  • Largest section of duodenum.
  • Anterior: Small bowel mesentery, superior mesenteric vessels.
  • Left: Left kidney and ureter.
  • Superior: Body of pancreas.
20
Q

What are the relations of the ascending part of the duodenum?

A
  • Ends at T2 at the duodenojejunal flexure.
  • Partly retroperitoneal and partly intraperitoneal.
  • Anterior: Transverse colon/mesocolon.
  • Left: Left kidney and ureter.
  • Superior: Body of pancreas.
21
Q

What are the relations of the root small bowel mesentery?

A
  • Starts superiorly on left side at level L2 at duodenojejunal flexure.
  • Ends in front of the sacroiliac joint.
  • Root is ~15cm long.
22
Q

What are the features of the jejunum?

A
  • Upper 2/5
  • Located in umbilical region
  • Thick red walls and wider lumen
  • Fewer vascular arcades
  • Less fatty mesentery
  • Tall villi and deep crypts
  • Thich vascular mucosa
  • Few lymphoid follicles
23
Q

What are the features of the ilium?

A
  • Lower 3/5
  • Suprapulic region and pelvis
  • Thinner pink walls and narrower lumen
  • Numerous vascular arcades
  • Lots of fat in mesentery
  • Shorter villi and shallower crypts
  • Thinner vascular mucosa
  • Peyer’s patches
24
Q

What is the blood supply of the small intestine?

A
  1. Duodenum:
    - Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery (gastroduodenal artery)
    - Inferior pancraticoduodenal artery (superior mesenteric artery)
  2. Jejunum: Jejunal branches of SMA
  3. Ilium: Ilial branches of SMA
25
Q

What is the innervation of the small intestine?

A

Sympathetic is from lesser splanchnic

26
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the small intestine?

A

Mesenteric nodes, pre-aortic lymph nodes and then cisterna chyli

27
Q

What are the features of the colon?

A
  • Taeniae coli
  • Sacculations
  • Appendices epiploicae
28
Q

What are the structural features of the colon?

A
  • Transverse and sigmoidal colon are intraperitoneal, rest are retroperitoneal.
  • The hepatic flexure is located between ascending and transverse colon.
  • The splenic flexure is located between transverse and descending colon.
  • The para-colic gutters are located laterally to the ascendign and descending parts.
29
Q

What is the blood supply to the colon?

A
  • Caecum and appendix: Ileocolic artery
  • Ascending colon: Right colic artery
  • Transverse colon: Middle colic artery
  • Descending colon: Left colic artery
  • All anastomose to form marginal artery
  • Sigmoidal colon: Sigmoidal artery
30
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the colon?

A

Mesenteric nodes, pre-aortic nodes and the cisterna chyli

Functional Architecture of the Body (33 decks)

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