Pelvis revision Flashcards

1
Q

What are the anatomical spaces in the female pelvis?

A
  1. Vesicounterine pouch.

2. Rectouterine pouch.

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2
Q

What are the anatomical spaces in the male pelvis?

A

Rectovesical pouch

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3
Q

What are the branches of the internal iliac artery?

A
Parietal branches:
1. Superior/inferior gluteal arteries (buttocks)
2. Obturator artery (inner leg)
3. Internal pudendal arteries (perineum)
Visceral branches:
1. Superior/inferior vesical arteries (bladder)
2. Middle rectal artery
3. Uterine artery (uterus)
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4
Q

What is the arterial supply to the bladder?

A
  • Superior/inferior vesical arteries

- Uterine arteries (females)

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5
Q

What is the venous drainage of the bladder?

A

Vesical plexus

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6
Q

What is the name of the muscle making up the walls of the bladder?

A

Detrusor muscle

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7
Q

What is the innervation of the bladder?

A
  • Sympathetic: L1-2 (ejaculation, males)

- Parasympathetic: Pelvic splanchnic nerve (S2-4)

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8
Q

What is the arterial supply to the rectum?

A
  • Superior rectal artery

- Middle rectal artery

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9
Q

At what level does the rectum start?

A

S3

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10
Q

What is the innervation of the rectum?

A
Sympathetic: 
- Pre-ganglionic: L1-2
- Post-ganglionic: Coeliac/hypogastric plexuses
Parasympathetic:
- Pelvic splanchnic nerve (S2-4)
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11
Q

What are the openings found in the verumontanum of the prostate?

A
  • Prostatic ducts
  • Prostatic utricle
  • Ejaculatory duct
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12
Q

What is the arterial supply to the prostate?

A
  • Inferior vesical artery
  • Middle rectal artery
  • Internal pudendal artery
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13
Q

What is the venous drainage of the prostate?

A

Preprostatic plexus

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14
Q

What structure does the vas diferens pass on along its path?

A
  • Inguinal canal (superficial/deep ring, in spermatic cord)
  • Inferior epigastric vessels (anterior)
  • External iliac vessels (posterior)
  • Medial umbilical ligament (posterior)
  • Obturator neurovascular bundle
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15
Q

What is the arterial supply to the vas diferens?

A

Artery to the vas (branch of superior vesical artery)

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16
Q

What is the arterial supply to the seminal vesicles?

A

Inferior vesical artery

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17
Q

What is the innervation of the vas diferens?

A
  • Intrapelvic: Same as bladder.

- Spermatic cord: Same as testes.

18
Q

What are the layers of fascia covering the testes?

A
  • Tunica vaginalis (parietal/visceral)

- Tunica albuginea

19
Q

What is the arterial supply to the testes?

A

Testicular arteries

20
Q

What is the venous supply to the testes?

A

Pampiniform plexus (drains into testicular veins)

21
Q

What are the structural components of the uterus?

A
  • Fundus
  • Body
  • Cornua
  • Isthmus
  • Cervix
  • Internal os
  • External os
  • Fornix
22
Q

What is the arterial supply to the uterus?

A
  • Uterine arteries

- Branches of ovarian arteries

23
Q

What is the innervation of the uterus?

A
Sympathetic:
- Pre-ganglionic: T10-L1
- Post-ganglionic: Hypogastic plexuses
Parasympathetic:
- Pelvic splanchnic nerve (S2-4)
24
Q

What are the ligaments of the uterus?

A
  • Broad ligament (Body of uterus - Parietal peritoneum)
  • Round ligament (Junction of uterus/fallopian tube - Labia majora)
  • Ligament of the ovary (Junction of uterus/fallopian tube - ovary)
  • Pubocervical ligament (pubis - cervix)
  • Cardinal ligament (Junction of cervix/vagina - lateral pelvic wall)
  • Uterosacral ligament (Isthmus - sacrum)
25
What are the ligaments of the ovaries?
- Ligament of the ovary - Mesovarium (part of broad ligament) - Suspensory ligament of the ovary (Pelvis - ovaries)
26
What is the arterial supply to the ovaries?
Ovarian arteries
27
What is the venous drainage of the ovaries?
Ovarian veins
28
What is the innervation of the ovaries?
``` Sympathetic: - Pre-ganglionic: T10 - Post-ganglionic: Para-aortic ganglia Parasympathetic: - None ```
29
What are the bones that make up the pelvis?
- Ilium - Sacrum - Coccyx - Pubis - Ischium
30
What are the origins and insertions of piriformis?
- Origin: Middle 3 pieces of the sacrum | - Insertion: Upper greater trochanter of the femur
31
What is the function of piriformis?
Lateral rotation of extended hip joint
32
What are the origins and insertions of obturator internus?
Origin: Membrane and margins of obturator foraman. Insertion: Medial surface of greater trochanter.
33
What are the muscles that make up levator ani?
- Puborectalis - Pubococcygeus (puboprostaticus/vaginalis, puboanalis) - Iliococcygeus
34
What are the origins and insertions of puborectalis?
- Origin: Posterior surface of pubis | - Insertion: None (sling)
35
What are the origins and insertions of pubococcygeus?
- Origin: Posterior surface of pubis | - Insertion: Anococcygeal raphé
36
What are the origins and insertions of iliococcygeus?
- Origin: White line (obturator internus) | - Insertion: Anococcygeal raphé
37
What are the contents of the deep perineal pouch?
- Membranous urethra - External urethral sphinctrer - Bulbourethral glands - Deep transverse perineal muscle
38
What are the parts of the penis?
- Roots - Body - Glans
39
What are the attachments of the roots of the penis?
- Ischiopubic rami (by the crura) | - Pubic symphysis (by the suspensory ligaments)
40
What are the parts of the urethra?
- Prostatic urethra - Membranous urethra - Penile urethra
41
What are the major plexuses in the perineum?
- Sacral plexus (L5-S4) | - Coccygeal plexus (S4-S5)
42
What are the main branches of pudendal nerve (S2-4)?
``` Inferior rectal nerve: - External anal sphincter - Perianal skin - Levator ani Perineal nerve: - Scrotal branches: Scrotum - Muscular branches: Transverse perineal muscles, ischiocavernosus, bulbospongeosus, external urethral sphinctre, external anal sphincter, levator ani. - Nerve to bulb: Bulb of penis Dorsal nerve of the penis: - Skin of penis - Glans ```