Upper Limb (part 3) Flashcards
Famous insertion: Biceps Brachii m. deep tendon inserts here
-Muscle does flexion and supination of the forearm
Radial Tuberosity
Insertion point for the Brachialis m.
-Very strong flexor of the forearm.
-Strongest elbow flexor we have
Ulnar Tuberosity
Occurs where the radial head (radius) attaches into the radial notch of the ulna.
-A pivot joint
-Radius spins around the ulna
Proximal Radioulnar Joint
A fibrous joint, present for support. Binds the radius and ulna together during supination/pronation
Middle Radioulnar Joint
Joint created by the Ulnar head (ulna) and Ulnar Notch of the Radius.
-Pivot Joint
Distal Radioulnar Joint
Radius and Ulna are parallel to each other
Supination
Radius crosses over the Ulna to the other side and forms an “X”
Pronation
A membranous, tough structure that joins the shafts of the radius and ulna together
-No movement, simply for support
Interosseous Membrane
When you fall, you automatically pronate. Results in lots of fractures because the joint setup is not as stable in ______ as it is in ______.
Pronation; Supination
Ligament that inserts on either side of the ulna and loops around the head of the radius.
-Ring like ligament
Annular Ligament
Ligament that comes off of the ulna and attaches to the radius just distal to the Annular Ligament
-Tough
-Keeps ulna and radius held in together
Quadrate Ligament
Force induced disarticulation of the head of the radius out of the annular ligament
-Dislocated proximal radioulnar joint
-Grabbing a child by the hand and pulling them to a standing position
Nursemaid’s Elbow
Found on the dorsal aspect of the distal radius.
-On the medial side, it has a groove.
-Tendon of the Extensor Pollicis Longus m. pulls around this (runs in the groove), giving the thumb strength to go on to extension
-Going around a pulley enhances the mechanical advantage/strength
Dorsal Radial Tubercle of Lister
Muscles of the arm are bound together by investing fascia that comes from around the shoulder, wraps around the muscles of the arm, and attaches to the medial epicondyle of the humerus.
Brachial Fascia
Muscles of the forearm are bound together by investing fascia
Antebrachial Fascia
The origin for the Superficial Flexor muscles of the forearm.
Common Flexor Tendon of the Medial Epicondyle of the Humerus
Occurs when the medial epicondyle becomes inflamed.
-Golfer’s Elbow
-Lots of tension is placed on the Medial Epicondyle from whipping a golf club
Medial Epicondylitis
What are the two muscles the pronate the forearm? (Rotate the radius on the ulna)
-Pronator Teres m.
-Pronator Quadratus m.
A superficial muscle that originates from the Common Flexor Tendon of the Medial Epicondyle of the Humerus.
-Crosses over the ulna and attaches to the radius
-When it contracts, it pulls the radius into pronation
-Innervation: Median Nerve
Pronator Teres Muscle
A deep muscle that runs diagonally from the distal ulna to the distal radius. When it contracts, it pulls the radius into pronation.
-Innervation: Anterior Interosseous Nerve
Pronator Quadratus Muscle
Which three muscles flex the wrist?
-Flexor Carpi Radialis m.
-Flexor Carpi Ulnaris m.
-Palmaris Longus m.
A superficial muscle that originates from the Common Flexor Tendon of the Medial Epicondyle of the Humerus.
-Crosses the wrist and attaches into the metacarpal bones
-Innervation: Median Nerve
Flexor Carpi Radialis Muscle
A superficial muscle that originates from the Common Flexor Tendon of the Medial Epicondyle of the Humerus.
-flexes the wrist on the medial/ulnar side.
-Attaches into the 5th carpal bone
-Innervation: Ulnar Nerve
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Muscle
A superficial muscle that originates from the Common Flexor Tendon of the Medial Epicondyle of the Humerus.
-Streams down and inserts into the Palmar Aponeurosis.
-Small, not very powerful wrist flexor
-Innervation: Median Nerve
-13% of the population doesn’t have one
Palmaris Longus Muscle
A triangular shaped area of connective tissue that is an extension of the antebrachial fascia down into the palm. Forms a thick fascial covering that extends up with the digits
Palmar Aponeurosis
A superficial muscle originating from the Common Flexor Tendon of the Medial Epicondyle of the Humerus.
-Has a radial head originating from the radius.
-Forms a triangular shaped muscle that has tendons streaming out to the distal index, middle, ring, and pinky fingers
-Flexes the digits - power of grip
-Innervation: Median Nerve
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Muscle
Which three muscles flex the digits?
-Flexor Digitorum Superficialis m.
-Flexor Digitorum Profundus m.
-Flexor Pollicis Longus m.
A deep flexor muscle of the fingers.
-Originates from the ulna, radius, and interosseous membranes.
-Tendons stream off to the distal index, middle, ring, and pinky fingers
-Flexes the digits -power of grip
-Innervation:
-Lateral (radial) 1/2: Anterior Interosseous Nerve
-Medial (ulnar) 1/2: Ulnar nerve
Flexor Digitorum Profundus m.
Deep muscle that originates from the Ulna.
-Has a long tendon that descends into the hand and inserts on the distal thumb
-Flexion of the thumb
-Innervation: Anterior Interosseous Nerve
Flexor Pollicis Longus m.
When you place your thumb across your palm.
-Provides power of grip
Thumb Flexion
Which 4 muscles are innervated by the motor branches of the Median Nerve?
-Flexor Carpi Radialis m.
-Pronator Teres m.
-Flexor Digitorum Superficialis m.
-Palmaris Longus m.
The cubital tunnel is formed by this muscle, which attaches to the olecranon process and covers up the ulnar nerve running in the ulnar notch.
-Innervated by the ulnar nerve
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris m.
As the median nerve passes through the cubital fossa, it gives off a tiny nerve that runs along the anterior surface of the interosseous membrane
Anterior Interosseous branch of the Median Nerve
Muscle with two innervations:
-Lateral 1/2: Anterior Interosseous Nerve
-Medial 1/2: Ulnar Nerve
Flexor Digitorum Profundus m.
What are the three muscles innervated by the Anterior Interosseous Nerve?
-Pronator Quadratus m.
-Flexor Pollicis Longus m.
-Flexor Digitorum Profundus m. (lateral/radial 1/2)
Someone with inability to flex their ring or pinky finger has what problem?
Ulnar nerve problem
Inflammation of the Lateral Epicondyle of the Humerus.
-Tennis Elbow
Lateral Epicondylitis
4 Muscles originate from the Common Extensor Tendon of the Lateral Epicondyle of the Humerus
-Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis m.
-Extensor Carpi Ulnaris m.
-Extensor Digitorum m.
-Extensor Digiti Minimi m.
2 Muscles that originate from the Lateral Supracondylar Ridge of the Humerus
-Innervated by the Radial Nerve
-Brachioradialis m.
-Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus m.
Which 2 muscles are responsible for Supination?
-Supinator m.
-Brachioradialis m.
A muscle that originates from the ulna, around the olecranon process, and inserts into the radius.
-When it contracts, it pulls the radius into a parallel position with the ulna.
-Has the Deep Radial Nerve passing through it via the Supinator Canal
-Innervation: Deep Radial Nerve
Supinator muscle
A very good elbow flexor that is technically found in the extensor compartment.
-Originates on the Lateral Supracondylar Ridge of the Humerus
-Supinates
-Innervation: Radial Nerve
Brachioradialis muscle
Muscles that cross the wrist posteriorly and attach to metacarpals to extend the wrist.
-Good wrist extendors
-Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus m.
-Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis m.
-Extensor Carpi Ulnaris m.
2 muscles that extend the wrist that originate from the Common Extensor tendon of the Lateral Epicondyle of the Humerus
-Good wrist extendors
-Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis m.
-Extensor Carpi Ulnaris m.
Which 3 muscles produce extension of the digits?
-Extensor Digitorum m.
-Extensor Digiti Minimi m.
-Extensor Indicis m.
A superficial muscle that originates from the Common Extensor Tendon of the Lateral Epicondyle of the Humerus.
-Sends tendons down the dorsal side of the index, middle, and ring fingers to pull them back into extension.
-Innervation: Posterior Interosseous Nerve
Extensor Digitorum m.
A superficial muscle that originates from the Common Extensor Tendon of the Lateral Epicondyle of the Humerus.
-Extends little finger
-Innervation: Posterior Interosseous Nerve
Extensor Digiti Minimi m.
A muscle that originates from the distal ulna.
-When it contracts, it pulls the index finger back into extension.
-Innervation: Posterior Interosseous Nerve
Extensor Indicis m.
Which muscle Abducts the thumb?
Abductor Pollicis Longus m.
Which two muscles extend the thumb? (Move thumb straight out, away from palm)
-Extensor Pollicis Longus m.
-Extensor Pollicis Brevis m.
Muscle that inserts on the base of the 1st metacarpal bone.
-Abducts the thumb
-Innervation: Posterior Interosseous Nerve
Abductor Pollicis Longus m.
Muscle that inserts at the base of the proximal finger.
-Extends the thumb
-Innervation: Posterior Interosseous Nerve
Extensor Pollicis Brevis m.
Muscle that bypasses the base of the proximal finger and attaches into the distal phalanx of the thumb.
-Extends the thumb
-Innervation: Posterior Interosseous Nerve
Extensor Pollicis Longus m.
A superficial muscle that originates from the Common Extensor Tendon of the Lateral Epicondyle of the Humerus.
-Triangular shaped, lies on the posterior portion of forearm/elbow
-Attaches to the joint capsule of elbow. When the elbow extends, it pulls the joint capsule away from the Olecranon Fossa to prevent painful pinching/squeezing.
-Innervation: Radial Nerve
Anconeus muscle
Nerve that passes through the Supinator muscle via the Supinator canal. Once it exits the canal, it is called the Posterior Interosseous nerve and innervates forearm extensor muscles.
Deep Radial Nerve
Which 7 muscles are innervated by the Posterior Interosseous nerve?
-Extensor Carpi Ulnaris m.
-Extensor Digitorum m.
-Extensor Digiti Minimi m.
-Extensor Indicis m.
-Abductor Pollicis Longus m.
-Extensor Pollicis Brevis m.
-Extensor Pollicis Longus m.
Found on the dorsal aspect of the distal radius.
-Has a groove on the medial side where the tendon of the Extensor Pollicis Longus m. runs
-The tendon runs within groove, makes a right angle, and goes to dorsal aspect of thumb.
-When the muscle contracts, it is pulling around this like a pulley, strengthening the action.
Dorsal Radial Tubercle of Lister
What are the boundaries of the Anatomical Snuff Box?
-Abductor Pollicis Longus
-Extensor Pollicis Brevis
-Extensor Pollicis Longus
What are the contents of the Anatomical Snuffbox?
-Radial Artery
-Cephalic Vein
-Superficial Radial Nerve
What is the floor of the Anatomical Snuffbox made by?
Scaphoid Bone
The Deep Radial Nerve innervates which two muscles?
-Supinator m.
-Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis m.
The Radial Nerve innervates which three muscles?
-Brachioradialis m.
-Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus m.
-Anconeus m.
