Upper Limb (part 2) Flashcards by Carol Dumond

As soon as this artery crosses the lateral border of the 1st rib, it changes its name to the Axillary Artery

Subclavian Artery

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Part of the Axillary Artery that runs from the lateral border of the 1st rib to the medial border of the Pectoralis Minor m.

First Part

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Part of the Axillary Artery that lies behind the Pectoralis Minor m. and ends at its Lateral Border

Second Part

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Part of the Axillary Artery that runs from the Lateral border of the Pectoralis Minor m. to the lower border of the Teres Major m.

Third Part

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Once the artery crosses the lower border of the Teres Major m., it becomes the _____.

Brachial Artery

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After the elbow, the Brachial Artery splits into the _____ (Lateral) and the ______ (medial)

Radial; Ulnar Arteries

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Highest (Superior) Thoracic Artery

Branch from the First Part of the Axillary Artery

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-Thoracoacromial Artery
-Lateral Thoracic Artery

Branches of the Second Part of the Axillary Artery

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-Subscapular Artery
-Anterior Humeral Circumflex Artery
-Posterior Humeral Circumflex Artery

Branches of the Third Part of the Axillary Artery

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Artery that supplies the 1st and 2nd ICS

Highest (Superior) Thoracic Artery

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Artery that supplies the Pectoralis Major/Minor m., Subclavius m., and the Anterior/Middle Deltoid m.

Thoracoacromial Artery

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Artery that runs down the side of the chest and supplies Serratus Anterior m.

Lateral Thoracic Artery

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Artery that supplies the Subscapularis m. and the Latissimus Dorsi m.

Subscapular Artery

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Artery that supplies the Anterior GH Joint

Anterior Humeral Circumflex Artery

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Artery that wraps around the Humerus and supplies the Posterior GH Joint and the Posterior Deltoid m.
-Emerges from the Quadrangular Space (runs with the Axillary Nerve)

Posterior Humeral Circumflex Artery

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Superficial Vein running within the Medial Intermuscular Septum (between the Biceps & Triceps Brachii m.)
-Largest Vein

Basilic Vein

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Part of the Brachial Artery that runs “deep” with the Radial Nerve to supply the posterior compartment of the arm
-Supplies Triceps Brachii m.

Profunda Brachii Artery

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Formed in the elbow region by the Interosseous Recurrent Artery, Radial Recurrent Artery, and the Profunda Brachii Artery
-Careful during surgery - risk of bleeding in this area

Lateral Elbow Anastomosis (Circular Anastomosis)

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Runs anteriorly around the distal elbow; joins with the profunda brachii artery and the radial recurrent artery to form the Lateral Elbow Anastomosis

Interosseous Recurrent Artery

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Runs on the posterior side of the humerus; joins with the profunda brachii artery and the interosseous recurrent artery to form the Lateral Elbow Anastomosis

Radial Recurrent Artery

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Supplies blood flow to the medial aspect of the elbow joint.
-Superior Ulnar Collateral Artery
-Inferior Ulnar Collateral Artery
-Anterior Ulnar Recurrent Artery
-Posterior Ulnar Recurrent Artery

Ulnar Anastomosis (Medial Elbow Anastomosis)

Starts on the Dorsal side of the hand with the Dorsal Digital Veins
-Has a medial and lateral branch that merge as you go up the forearm
-Longest vein in the Upper limb

Cephalic Vein

Dorsal Digital Veins -> Dorsal Metacarpal Veins -> Dorsal Venous Arch -> forms Cephalic vein and Basilic Vein

Superficial Veins of the Hand

Starts on the Dorsal side of the hand with the Dorsal Digital Veins.
-Runs deep in the Intermuscular Septum as it runs up the arm
-Largest Vein in the upper limb; runs medially

Basilic Vein

Vein that is formed between the Cephalic and Basilic Veins. -Variability from person to person -H shape

Median Cubital Vein

M shape, has Median Cephalic Vein, Median Basilic Vein, and this in the middle of the M.

Median Vein of the Forearm (Common Vein)

Medial and Lateral; run with the Brachial Artery

Brachial Veins

Medial & Lateral Brachial Veins, as they get closer to the shoulder/axilla, comes together with the ______ to form the Axillary Vein.

Basilic Vein

Vein that curves around shoulder, turns around and pierces the opening between the Pectoralis Major m. and the Anterior Deltoid m. (called the Deltopectoral Groove or Triangle) to drain into the Axillary Vein

Cephalic Vein

Found between the Pectoralis Major m. and the Anterior Deltoid m. -Cephalic vein curves around shoulder and goes through here to get to the Axillary region to merge with the Axillary vein

Deltopectoral Groove (triangle)

A Uniaxial joint - moves in only one directional plane. -Has about 145 degrees ROM (flexion) - "power" joint: Helps us pick up things

Elbow

Name the 3 joints of the Elbow Capsule

-Humero-radial Joint -Humero-ulnar Joint -Proximal Radio-ulnar Joint

Joint located between the Capitulum (rounded prominence on the distal humerus) and the Radial Head -Lateral side -Modified Ball in Socket Joint

Humero-radial Joint

Joint formed from the Trochlea of the Humerus that fits into the crescent-shaped space in the Ulna called the Trochlear Notch -Hinge Joint

Humero-ulnar Joint

Joint between the Radial head of the Radius and the Radial Notch of the Ulna (Coronoid Process) -Where supination/pronation of the arm/forearm occurs -A pivot joint.

Proximal Radio-ulnar Joint

Normal elbow movement (flexion and extension) is a result of which two joints?

Humero-ulnar joint and humero-radial joint

Ligament that surrounds the radial head; allows for supination/pronation -Attaches on one side to the other of the Ulna, surrounding the head of the Radius, holding it firmly against the ulna -Pronation/Supination of radius around stationary ulna -Can become dislocated

Annular Ligament

Elbow Complex: -Radio-Humeral Joint -Humeral-Ulnar Joint -Radial Ulnar Joint

Articular (Joint) Capsule

Ligament that stabilizes and protects the joint. -Fan shaped, starts on the Lateral Epicondyle of the Humerus and attaches to the Annular Ligament -Protects the Lateral side of the joint from becoming unstable

Radial (Lateral) Collateral Ligament

Ligament that stabilizes and protects the joint. -Has 3 parts: Anterior, Posterior, and Intermediate -All run from Medial Epicondyle of the Humerus and attach to the Ulna -Easy to injure with repetitive overhand motions (baseball pitchers)

Ulnar (medial) Collateral Ligament

Baseball pitcher blew out his medial collateral ligament with repetitive overhand throwing -Took ligament from another part of his body (tendon of palmaris longus?) and transplanted it in place of the medial collateral ligament

Tommy John Surgery

The soft tissue fossa anterior to the elbow joint. -Formed by the Pronator Teres muscle (medial) and Brachioradialis muscle (lateral) -Third side is an imaginary line drawn from lateral to medial epicondyle -Upper floor: Brachialis m. -Lower floor: Supinator m. -Roof: Skin and Fascia -Exists to allow transmission of structures from the arm to the forearm and vice verse

Cubital Fossa

What are the contents of the Cubital Fossa? (8)

-Median Cubital Vein (junction between the Cephalic and Basilic Veins) -Bicipital Aponeurosis -Tendon of the Biceps Brachii m. (attaches to the radial tuberosity) -Median Nerve (medial side) & Brachial Artery (& Brachial Veins) -Musculocutaneous Nerve -Radial Nerve

What inserts on the Radial Tuberosity (bump on the medial side of the proximal radius)?

Tendon of the Biceps Brachii m.

A superficial, cord-like structure. -Connection from the Biceps Brachii m. to the musculofascial component of the forearm on the medial side) -Cord-like structure felt on the medial side of the cubital fossa when the elbow is at 90 deg flexon

Bicipital Aponeurosis

Runs from Brachialis m. to the cubital fossa, then down to the forearm, running with the Cephalic Vein, and becomes the Lateral Antebrachial Cutaneous nerve, supplying sensation to the lateral forearm

Musculocutaneous nerve

Nerve that runs on the lateral side, and as it enters the cubital fossa, it splits (divides) into a superficial and deep branch

Radial Nerve

Nerve that does NOT pass through the Cubital Fossa

Ulnar Nerve

Notch felt between the medial epicondyle and the olecranon process.

Ulnar Notch

Created by the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris m. covering the area and attaching to the Olecranon process. -Conveys Ulnar nerve -Risk for injury - superficial

Cubital Tunnel

Artery that runs with the Median Nerve. -In the cubital fossa, it bifurcates into superficial/laterally running radial artery, and a deep/medially running ulnar artery

Brachial Artery

2 veins running with an artery. -Ex: Brachial Artery has the Medial and Lateral Brachial Veins running with it

Vena Commitantes