Upper Limb (part 2) Flashcards
As soon as this artery crosses the lateral border of the 1st rib, it changes its name to the Axillary Artery
Subclavian Artery
Part of the Axillary Artery that runs from the lateral border of the 1st rib to the medial border of the Pectoralis Minor m.
First Part
Part of the Axillary Artery that lies behind the Pectoralis Minor m. and ends at its Lateral Border
Second Part
Part of the Axillary Artery that runs from the Lateral border of the Pectoralis Minor m. to the lower border of the Teres Major m.
Third Part
Once the artery crosses the lower border of the Teres Major m., it becomes the _____.
Brachial Artery
After the elbow, the Brachial Artery splits into the _____ (Lateral) and the ______ (medial)
Radial; Ulnar Arteries
Highest (Superior) Thoracic Artery
Branch from the First Part of the Axillary Artery
-Thoracoacromial Artery
-Lateral Thoracic Artery
Branches of the Second Part of the Axillary Artery
-Subscapular Artery
-Anterior Humeral Circumflex Artery
-Posterior Humeral Circumflex Artery
Branches of the Third Part of the Axillary Artery
Artery that supplies the 1st and 2nd ICS
Highest (Superior) Thoracic Artery
Artery that supplies the Pectoralis Major/Minor m., Subclavius m., and the Anterior/Middle Deltoid m.
Thoracoacromial Artery
Artery that runs down the side of the chest and supplies Serratus Anterior m.
Lateral Thoracic Artery
Artery that supplies the Subscapularis m. and the Latissimus Dorsi m.
Subscapular Artery
Artery that supplies the Anterior GH Joint
Anterior Humeral Circumflex Artery
Artery that wraps around the Humerus and supplies the Posterior GH Joint and the Posterior Deltoid m.
-Emerges from the Quadrangular Space (runs with the Axillary Nerve)
Posterior Humeral Circumflex Artery
Superficial Vein running within the Medial Intermuscular Septum (between the Biceps & Triceps Brachii m.)
-Largest Vein
Basilic Vein
Part of the Brachial Artery that runs “deep” with the Radial Nerve to supply the posterior compartment of the arm
-Supplies Triceps Brachii m.
Profunda Brachii Artery
Formed in the elbow region by the Interosseous Recurrent Artery, Radial Recurrent Artery, and the Profunda Brachii Artery
-Careful during surgery - risk of bleeding in this area
Lateral Elbow Anastomosis (Circular Anastomosis)
Runs anteriorly around the distal elbow; joins with the profunda brachii artery and the radial recurrent artery to form the Lateral Elbow Anastomosis
Interosseous Recurrent Artery
Runs on the posterior side of the humerus; joins with the profunda brachii artery and the interosseous recurrent artery to form the Lateral Elbow Anastomosis
Radial Recurrent Artery
Supplies blood flow to the medial aspect of the elbow joint.
-Superior Ulnar Collateral Artery
-Inferior Ulnar Collateral Artery
-Anterior Ulnar Recurrent Artery
-Posterior Ulnar Recurrent Artery
Ulnar Anastomosis (Medial Elbow Anastomosis)
Starts on the Dorsal side of the hand with the Dorsal Digital Veins
-Has a medial and lateral branch that merge as you go up the forearm
-Longest vein in the Upper limb
Cephalic Vein
Dorsal Digital Veins -> Dorsal Metacarpal Veins -> Dorsal Venous Arch -> forms Cephalic vein and Basilic Vein
Superficial Veins of the Hand
Starts on the Dorsal side of the hand with the Dorsal Digital Veins.
-Runs deep in the Intermuscular Septum as it runs up the arm
-Largest Vein in the upper limb; runs medially
Basilic Vein
Vein that is formed between the Cephalic and Basilic Veins.
-Variability from person to person
-H shape
Median Cubital Vein
M shape, has Median Cephalic Vein, Median Basilic Vein, and this in the middle of the M.
Median Vein of the Forearm (Common Vein)
Medial and Lateral; run with the Brachial Artery
Brachial Veins
Medial & Lateral Brachial Veins, as they get closer to the shoulder/axilla, comes together with the ______ to form the Axillary Vein.
Basilic Vein
Vein that curves around shoulder, turns around and pierces the opening between the Pectoralis Major m. and the Anterior Deltoid m. (called the Deltopectoral Groove or Triangle) to drain into the Axillary Vein
Cephalic Vein
Found between the Pectoralis Major m. and the Anterior Deltoid m.
-Cephalic vein curves around shoulder and goes through here to get to the Axillary region to merge with the Axillary vein
Deltopectoral Groove (triangle)
A Uniaxial joint - moves in only one directional plane.
-Has about 145 degrees ROM (flexion)
- “power” joint: Helps us pick up things
Elbow
Name the 3 joints of the Elbow Capsule
-Humero-radial Joint
-Humero-ulnar Joint
-Proximal Radio-ulnar Joint
Joint located between the Capitulum (rounded prominence on the distal humerus) and the Radial Head
-Lateral side
-Modified Ball in Socket Joint
Humero-radial Joint
Joint formed from the Trochlea of the Humerus that fits into the crescent-shaped space in the Ulna called the Trochlear Notch
-Hinge Joint
Humero-ulnar Joint
Joint between the Radial head of the Radius and the Radial Notch of the Ulna (Coronoid Process)
-Where supination/pronation of the arm/forearm occurs
-A pivot joint.
Proximal Radio-ulnar Joint
Normal elbow movement (flexion and extension) is a result of which two joints?
Humero-ulnar joint and humero-radial joint
Ligament that surrounds the radial head; allows for supination/pronation
-Attaches on one side to the other of the Ulna, surrounding the head of the Radius, holding it firmly against the ulna
-Pronation/Supination of radius around stationary ulna
-Can become dislocated
Annular Ligament
Elbow Complex:
-Radio-Humeral Joint
-Humeral-Ulnar Joint
-Radial Ulnar Joint
Articular (Joint) Capsule
Ligament that stabilizes and protects the joint.
-Fan shaped, starts on the Lateral Epicondyle of the Humerus and attaches to the Annular Ligament
-Protects the Lateral side of the joint from becoming unstable
Radial (Lateral) Collateral Ligament
Ligament that stabilizes and protects the joint.
-Has 3 parts: Anterior, Posterior, and Intermediate
-All run from Medial Epicondyle of the Humerus and attach to the Ulna
-Easy to injure with repetitive overhand motions (baseball pitchers)
Ulnar (medial) Collateral Ligament
Baseball pitcher blew out his medial collateral ligament with repetitive overhand throwing
-Took ligament from another part of his body (tendon of palmaris longus?) and transplanted it in place of the medial collateral ligament
Tommy John Surgery
The soft tissue fossa anterior to the elbow joint.
-Formed by the Pronator Teres muscle (medial) and Brachioradialis muscle (lateral)
-Third side is an imaginary line drawn from lateral to medial epicondyle
-Upper floor: Brachialis m.
-Lower floor: Supinator m.
-Roof: Skin and Fascia
-Exists to allow transmission of structures from the arm to the forearm and vice verse
Cubital Fossa
What are the contents of the Cubital Fossa? (8)
-Median Cubital Vein (junction between the Cephalic and Basilic Veins)
-Bicipital Aponeurosis
-Tendon of the Biceps Brachii m. (attaches to the radial tuberosity)
-Median Nerve (medial side) & Brachial Artery (& Brachial Veins)
-Musculocutaneous Nerve
-Radial Nerve
What inserts on the Radial Tuberosity (bump on the medial side of the proximal radius)?
Tendon of the Biceps Brachii m.
A superficial, cord-like structure.
-Connection from the Biceps Brachii m. to the musculofascial component of the forearm on the medial side)
-Cord-like structure felt on the medial side of the cubital fossa when the elbow is at 90 deg flexon
Bicipital Aponeurosis
Runs from Brachialis m. to the cubital fossa, then down to the forearm, running with the Cephalic Vein, and becomes the Lateral Antebrachial Cutaneous nerve, supplying sensation to the lateral forearm
Musculocutaneous nerve
Nerve that runs on the lateral side, and as it enters the cubital fossa, it splits (divides) into a superficial and deep branch
Radial Nerve
Nerve that does NOT pass through the Cubital Fossa
Ulnar Nerve
Notch felt between the medial epicondyle and the olecranon process.
Ulnar Notch
Created by the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris m. covering the area and attaching to the Olecranon process.
-Conveys Ulnar nerve
-Risk for injury - superficial
Cubital Tunnel
Artery that runs with the Median Nerve.
-In the cubital fossa, it bifurcates into superficial/laterally running radial artery, and a deep/medially running ulnar artery
Brachial Artery
2 veins running with an artery.
-Ex: Brachial Artery has the Medial and Lateral Brachial Veins running with it
Vena Commitantes
