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Anatomy Unit 3 > Upper Limb > Flashcards

Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

The space directly underneath the GH Joint

A

Axilla

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2
Q

Created by Skin and Axillary Fascia.
-Fascia attaches in front to the Pectoralis Major m. to form the Anterior Axillary Fold
-Fascia attaches posteriorly to the Latissimus Dorsi m. and Teres Major m. to form the Posterior Axillary fold
-Fascia envelopes these and is drawn tight, causing an infold of the fascia called the hollow of the armpit

A

Axillary Floor

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3
Q

Triangular Shaped.
-Formed by the Clavicle (in front), scapula (behind), and 1st rib (medially)
-A portal to the axilla if you were to enter from a superior direction

A

Apex of the Axilla

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4
Q

Anterior: Anterior Axillary Fold (Pectoralis Major m.)
Posterior: Posterior Axillary Fold (Latissismus Dorsi m. and Teres Major m.)
Medially: Upper portion of the Serratus Anterior m.

A

Borders of the Axilla

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5
Q

-Fat (packing of space -bubble wrap)
-Fascia
-Axillary lymph nodes
-Axillary Artery
-Brachial Plexus

A

Contents of the Axilla

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6
Q

Fascia that forms the floor of the Axilla and runs from the Pectoralis Major m. in front to the Teres Major m. and Latissimus Dorsi m. behind.
-Makes the hollow of the armpit that exists between the Anterior and Posterior Axillary Folds
-Stretching pulls it inward by being taut

A

Axillary Fascia

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7
Q

Fascia wrapped around the Axillary Artery & Veins and Brachial Plexus to hold them together.
-Derived from scalene and pre-vertebral fascia
-Forms a “Fascial Tube”
-Axillary vein exits distally to run by itself

A

Axillary Sheath

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8
Q

Deep to the Axillary Fascia. Covers the Axilla Anteriorly.
-Fascia that is stretched between the Subclavius m. and the Pectoralis Minor m.
-An opaque window that looks into the Axilla
-Ends in the Suspensory ligament of the Axilla (Gerdy’s).

A

Clavipectoral Fascia

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9
Q

A ligament that runs from the Clavipectoral Fascia and attaches it into the Axillary Fascia.
-Wrinkles up, enhancing the “hollow” of the armpit. Accentuates the borders

A

Suspensory Ligament of the Axilla (Gerdy’s)

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10
Q

Structures going from the axilla to the outside (and vice versa) have to pierce this.
- “Window” into the Axilla

A

Clavipectoral Fascia

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11
Q

-Cephalic Vein: enters Axilla to drain into the Axillary Vein
-Thoracoacromial Artery (& Vein): exits Axilla to supply Pectoralis Major/Minor, Deltoid, and Subclavius muscles.
-Lateral Pectoral nerve: exits axilla to get to the Pectoralis Major m. to innervate it.

A

Structures passing through the Clavipectoral Fascia

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12
Q

Longest vein in the upper limb. Starts dorsally on the hand, runs up forearm, all the way to upper arm, where it makes a U-turn in between Pectoralis Major m. and Deltoid m. (called the Delto-pectoral groove), pierces the Clavipectoral Fascia, and drains into the Axillary Vein

A

Cephalic Vein

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13
Q

A branch off of the Axillary Artery that supplies the Pectoralis Major/Minor m., Deltoid m., and Subclavius m.

A

Thoracoacromial Artery

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14
Q

Comes off of the Lateral Cord of the Brachial Plexus, passes over Pectoralis Minor m., pierces the Clavipectoral Fascia, and innervates Pectoralis Major m.

A

Lateral Pectoral Nerve

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15
Q

Refers to the GH Joint (proximal humerus) down to the elbow

A

Brachium (Arm)

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16
Q

Refers to the elbow joint to the wrist

A

Antebrachium (forearm)

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17
Q

What are the components of the flexor compartment of the Arm?

A

-Biceps Brachii (long and short heads) m.
-Brachialis m.
-Coracobrachialis m.

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18
Q

A large muscle with 2 heads: short (medial) and long (lateral)
-Elbow flexor
-Supinates the forearm
-Long head also flexes the GH joint
-Innervated by the Musculocutaneous Nerve

A

Biceps Brachii muscle

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19
Q

Forms a tendon that approaches the GH Joint, burrows into the capsule, and attaches to the Supraglenoid Tubercle on the rim of the Glenoid Fossa
-Flexes the GH joint

A

Lateral (long) Head of the Biceps Brachii Muscle

20
Q

Attaches to the Coracoid Process of the Scapula

A

Short Head of the Biceps Brachii Muscle

21
Q

Best elbow flexor muscle
-Origin: Humerus
Crosses elbow joint anteriorly
-Inserts into Forearm
-Innervated by the Musculocutaneous Nerve

A

Brachialis Muscle

22
Q

Muscle that flexes and adducts the GH joint.
-Origin: Coracoid Process of the Scapula
-Insertion: Brachialis m.
-Innervated by the Musculocutaneous Nerve

A

Coracobrachialis Muscle

23
Q

Fascia that extends down from the shoulder and wraps around muscles of the flexor compartment to keep them intact (investing fascia)

A

Brachial Fascia

24
Q

Muscle that has 3 heads that all extend the elbow when they contract (straightens elbow out)
-Insert into the Olecranon Process
-Innervated by the Radial Nerve

A

Triceps Brachii Muscle

25
Q

-Elbow Extender
-Also extends the GH Joint (brings it back down to starting position)
-Origin: Infraglenoid Tubercle (bottom of glenoid fossa)

A

Long Head of the Triceps Brachii

26
Q

-Elbow Extender
-Origin: posterior portion of the humerus

A

Lateral Head of the Triceps Brachii

27
Q

-Elbow Extender
-Origin: posterior portion of the humerus
-Have to cut and reflect Lateral Head to view

A

Short Head (medial head) of the Triceps Brachii

28
Q

Nerve that innervates the Flexor Compartment of the Arm.
-Has to be anesthetized by itself- lies outside of the Axillary Sheath.
-Inject into the Coracobrachialis Muscle
-Innervates Biceps Brachii m., Brachialis m., and Coracobrachialis m.

A

Musculocutaneous Nerve

29
Q

Nerve that innervates the Extensor compartment of the arm
-Triceps Brachii muscle

A

Radial Nerve

30
Q

An interruption of muscle between the Biceps Brachii m. and the Triceps Brachii muscle.
-Filled in with fibrous, fatty tissue
-Can feel an indent between muscles.
-Contains several structures

A

Medial Intermuscular Septum

31
Q

An interruption between the Brachialis m. and the Triceps Brachii m.
-Very small, not really a gap

A

Lateral Intermuscular Septum

32
Q

List the structures contained in the Medial Intermuscular Septum (7)

A

-Ulnar Nerve
-Median Nerve
-Brachial Artery
-Lateral/Medial brachial Veins (on either side of Brachial Artery)
-Medial Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve (sensory to medial forearm)
-Basilic Vein (largest vein in upper limb)

33
Q

What structure runs with the Median Nerve?

A

Brachial Artery

34
Q

What structure runs with the Basilic Vein?

A

Medial Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve

35
Q

In the proximal portion of the arm, brachial artery is _____ and the median nerve is ______.

A

Medial; lateral

36
Q

As they move distally, the brachial artery and median nerve cross, and the brachial artery is now ______ and the median nerve is now ______.

A

Lateral; Medial

37
Q

This nerve splits off from the others to curve around the posterior elbow.

A

Ulnar Nerve

38
Q

Nerve that supplies sensory and motor function to the muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm, and the muscles on the thumb side of your hand.

A

Median Nerve

39
Q

How do you anesthetize the Musculocutaneous Nerve?

A

Inject the Coracobrachialis Muscle.

40
Q

Occurs when the Musculocutaneous nerve runs out of branches and continues as a sensory branch that runs down the forearm.
-Provides sensory to the lateral aspect of the forearm

A

Lateral Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve

41
Q

Anesthesia to the Musculocutaneous Nerve should cause what?

A

Inability to flex the elbow, and loss of sensation to the lateral forearm.

42
Q

Nerve that comes off of the brachial plexus and runs posteriorly along the humerus.
-Innervates the Triceps Brachii m.
-Has a Posterior Cutaneous branch that provides sensation to the posterior arm (skin covering Triceps Brachii m).

A

Radial Nerve

43
Q

Nerve that supplies sensation to the posterior arm (skin covering Triceps Brachii m.)

A

Posterior Cutaneous branch of the Radial Nerve

44
Q

Branch off of the medial cord of the Brachial Plexus that supplies sensation to the medial aspect of the arm.

A

Medial Brachial Cutaneous Nerve

45
Q

Branch off of the medial cord of the Brachial Plexus that supplies sensation to the medial aspect of the forearm.

A

Medial Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve

46
Q

Nerve that supplies sensation to the arm just distal to the axilla
-A small area
-Anastomosis with the Median Brachial Cutaneous Nerve
-Emerges from the 2nd ICS, joins up with the Medial Brachial Cutaneous Nerve to form a nerve complex distal to the axilla
-Sensory ONLY
-Has to be blocked separately - does not arise from the Brachial Plexus

A

Intercostobrachial Cutaneous Nerve (T2)

Anatomy Unit 3 (9 decks)

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