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Anatomy Unit 3 > Peripheral Nerves, Muscles, & Brachial Plexus 2 > Flashcards

Peripheral Nerves, Muscles, & Brachial Plexus 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The part of the humerus that separates the humeral head from the rest of the humerus

A

Anatomical Neck

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2
Q

Most frequently where humeral fractures occur

A

Surgical Neck

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3
Q

A ridge/valley created by the Greater and Lesser Tubercles.
-Lateral Lip: Pectoralis Major m.
-Within the Groove: Latissimus Dorsi m.
-Medial Lip: Teres Major m.

A

Intertubercular Groove (Bicipital Groove)

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4
Q

What are the 4 muscles of the Rotator Cuff?

A

-Subscapularis m.
-Supraspinatus m.
-Infraspinatus m.
-Teres Minor m.

These muscles work synergistically - acting like belts to hold the head of the humerus firmly in place within the glenoid fossa.

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5
Q

Muscle that sits in the subscapular fossa
-Inserts on the Lesser Tubercle of the Humerus.
-Innervated by the Upper and Lower Subscapular nerves (posterior cord)
-Function: Internal Rotation and Adduction of the GH joint

A

Subscapularis Muscle

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6
Q

Muscle that sits within the supraspinous fossa.
-Innervation: Suprascapular Nerve (upper trunk)
-Function: Abduction of the GH Joint
-Inserts on the Greater Tubercle

A

Supraspinatus Muscle

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7
Q

Muscle that sits within the Infraspinous Fossa.
-Innervation: Suprascapular Nerve (upper trunk)
-Function: External rotation of the GH joint
-Inserts on the Greater Tubercle

A

Infraspinatus Muscle

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8
Q

Muscle found on the lateral edge of the scapula.
-Innervation: Axillary Nerve
-Function: External Rotation of the GH Joint
-Inserts on the Greater Tubercle

A

Teres Minor Muscle

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9
Q

Which is the most common rotator cuff muscle to tear?

A

Supraspinatus Muscle

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10
Q

Ligament that runs from the Coracoid Process to the Acromion Process. Creates a space underneath in (tunnel).

A

Coracoacromial Ligament

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11
Q

A space created by the Coracoacromial Ligament.
-Has the tendon of the Supraspinatus Muscle running through it on its way to attach to the humerus.
-Develops wear/tera over time, causing tendons to rub back/forth on bone
-Can irritate Supraspinatus tendon over time

A

Supraspinatus Tunnel (Acromial Passage)

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12
Q

Also found in the Supraspinatus Tunnel, running with the Supraspinatus muscle
-A fluid filled sac that provides cushion
-Can be irritated/injured - bursitis
-Can be felt when the arm is in hyperextension and you push at the junction between the humeral head and the glenoid fossa.
-If this is gone, there is nothing there to protect the tendon of the Supraspinatus muscle, so it will become injured.

A

Subacromial Subdeltoid Bursa

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13
Q

Located in the top portion of the scapula. Contains the Transverse Scapular Ligament
-Can see the Suprascapular Artery running OVER and the Suprascapular Nerve running UNDER this and through the ligament.

A

Suprascapular Notch

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14
Q

Innervation for the Deltoid and Teres Minor muscles

A

Axillary Nerve

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15
Q

A surgical landmark. A passageway for the Axillary nerve and the Posterior Circumflex Humoral Artery (branch off of Axillary Artery) to travel from Anterior to Posterior.
-Artery is supplying blood flow to the joint capsule of the GH joint

A

Quadrangular Space

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16
Q

What are the boundaries of the Quadrangular Space?

A

-Teres Minor m.
-Teres Major m.
-Long head of the Triceps Brachii m.
-Surgical Neck of the Humerus

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17
Q

Innervated by the Lower Subscapular Nerve
-Runs with the Latissimus Dorsi m.
-Inserts on the Medial Lip of the Humerus

A

Teres Major m.

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18
Q

Innervated by the Radial Nerve

A

Triceps Brachii m.

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19
Q

Formed by the Triceps Brachii, Teres Major, and Teres Minor muscles.
-Not important

A

Triangular Space

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20
Q

Muscle with two origins:
-Clavicular Head
-Sternal Head
-Heads blend together to form an apex of a triangle that inserts into the Lateral Lip of the Bicipital Groove (underneath the Greater tubercle)
-Innervated by the Medial and Lateral Pectoral nerves.

A

Pectoralis Major m.

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21
Q

Muscle that originates on the 3rd-5th ribs and inserts on the Coracoid Process of the Scapula.
-Innervated by the Medial Pectoral Nerve
-Function: Scapular Stabilizer

A

Pectoralis Minor m.

22
Q

Passes over the Pectoralis Minor m. to innervate the Pectoralis Major.
-Comes from the Lateral Cord of the Brachial Plexus

A

Lateral Pectoral Nerve

23
Q

Passes through the Pectoralis Minor m. to get to the Pectoralis Major m.
-Innervates both of them
-Comes from the Medial Cord of the Brachial Plexus

A

Medial Pectoral Nerve

24
Q

Very small muscle
-Binds the 1st rib and clavicle together to stabilize them
-Innervated by the Nerve to the Subclavius (Upper Trunk)
-Function: Clavicular Stabilizer

A

Subclavius Muscle

25
Q

Which 3 Muscles do the following functions?
-Internal Rotation of the GH Joint
-Adduction of the GH Joint

A

Latissimus Dorsi m., Teres Major m., and the Sternal head of the Pectoralis Major m.

26
Q

-Internal rotation of the GH Joint
-Adduction of the GH joint

A

Sternal Head of the Pectoralis Major m. Function

27
Q

Flexion of the GH Joint

A

Clavicular Head of the Pectoralis Major m.

28
Q

Which two muscles produce flexion of the GH Joint?

A

Anterior Deltoid m. and the Clavicular Head of the Pectoralis Major m.

29
Q

Which muscle is injured/fatigued through the use of crutches?

A

Pectoralis Minor Muscle

30
Q

Origin: Upper 8 to 9 ribs
-Winds around lateral thorax, passing behind and between thorax and scapula
-Insertion: Medial border of scapula
-Innervation: Long Thoracic Nerve (C5-C7)

A

Serratus Anterior muscle

31
Q

-Comes off of C5-C7
-Runs along the Mid-Axillary Line
-Only innervates one muscle: Serratus Anterior Muscle
-Caution with chest tube insertion - could loose scapular function

A

Long Thoracic Nerve

32
Q

Muscle that:
-Stabilizes the scapula against the thorax (keeps it flush against it)
-Rotates glenoid fossa upwards during abduction (to move structures of the scapula out of the way of the humerus). As arm lifts, the scapula rotates so that the inferior angle points out, letting the GH joint point upwards
-Protracts the scapula (push shoulders forward)

A

Serratus Anterior muscle

33
Q

Injury to this nerve causes “winged scapula” = medial border of scapula protruding.
-Loss of function of the Serratus Anterior muscle - which normally keeps the scapula flush against the thorax

A

Long Thoracic Nerve

34
Q

What is rule #1?

A

Muscles always PULL, they never PUSH.

35
Q

What is rule #2?

A

Muscle insertion always moves in the direction of the ORIGIN

36
Q

Muscles with three parts:
-Upper, Middle, and Lower
-All parts are innervated by the Spinal Accessory Nerve (CN XI)

A

Trapezius muscle

37
Q

Muscle that elevates the shoulders (shrugs)
-Can also switch origin/insertion to extend the head/neck

A

Upper Trapezius muscle

38
Q

Muscle that retracts the scapula to bring the shoulders in like you’re standing at attention.

A

Middle Trapezius muscle

39
Q

Muscle that depresses the scapula, causing upward scapular rotation.
-Inferior angle rotates out and up

A

Lower Trapezius muscle

40
Q

Muscles that run parallel to each other and extend, internally rotate, and adduct the GH Joint

A

Latissimus Dorsi m. and Teres Major m.

41
Q

Muscle that elevates the scapula
-Innervated by the Dorsal Scapular Nerve (C5)

A

Levator Scapulae

42
Q

Nerve that pierces the Middle Scalene muscle, courses down the scapula, and goes medial to the medial border of the scapula.

A

Dorsal Scapular Nerve

43
Q

Muscles that act as scapular stabilizers.
-Retract the scapula (stand at attention)
-Depress the Glenoid Fossa
-Rotates inferior angle of the scapula medially and upward)
-Innervated by the Dorsal Scapular Nerve (C5)

A

Rhomboid Major and Minor muscles

44
Q

Which muscles are the scapular stabilizers?

A

Trapezius m., Levator Scapulae m., and Rhomboid Major and Minor muscles.

45
Q

Muscle that does Flexion and Internal Rotation of the GH Joint

A

Anterior Deltoid m.

46
Q

Muscle that does Abduction of the GH Joint

A

Middle Deltoid m.

47
Q

Muscle that does Extension and assists in External Rotation of the GH Joint

A

Posterior Deltoid m.

48
Q

Muscle that does internal rotation and adduction of the GH Joint.
-Innervated by the Upper and Lower Subscapular Nerves

A

Subscapularis Muscle

49
Q

Muscle that does Abduction of the GH Joint
-Innervated by the Suprascapular nerve

A

Supraspinatus Muscle

50
Q

Muscle that does External Rotation of the GH Joint
-Innervated by the suprascapular nerve

A

Infraspinatus Muscle

51
Q

Muscle that does External Rotation of the GH joint
-Innervated by the Axillary nerve

A

Teres Minor M.

52
Q

Which two muscles perform External Rotation of the GH Joint?

A

Teres Minor m. and Infraspinatus m.

Anatomy Unit 3 (9 decks)

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