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5200: Structural Integrity > Upper limb - hand > Flashcards

Upper limb - hand Flashcards

1
Q

What two nerves does the median nerve split into when it enters the hand?

A

Recurrent branch of median nerve

Palmar digital branch of median nerve

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2
Q

What are the contents of the carpal tunnel?

A

Median nerve Tendons of:

Flexor digitorum superficialis (4)

Flexor digitorum profundus (4)

Flexor pollicus longus (1)

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3
Q

What structure is affected in carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

Median nerve

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4
Q

Which muscle becomes the palmar aponeurosis?

A

Palmaris longus

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5
Q

Where is the flexor carpi radialis tendon found?

A

Within the flexor retinaculum

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6
Q

What does the recurrent branch of the median nerve innervate?

A

Thenar muscle group

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7
Q

What does the palmar digital branch of the median nerve innervate?

A

Lateral 2 lumbircal muscles

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8
Q

What does the median nerve give cutaneous sensation to?

A

Palmar skin

Dorsal nail beds of laterl 3 1/2 digits (including thumb)

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9
Q

Which hand muscles are supplied by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve?

A

Hypothenar muscles

Medial 2 most lumbrical muscles (ring/little finger)

Adductor pollicus Interossei of hand

Palmar brevis

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10
Q

What are the thenar muscles responsible for?

A

Opposition of the thumb

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11
Q

What are the 3 thenar muscles?

A

Adductor pollicus brevis

Flexor pollicus brevis

Opponens pollicus

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12
Q

Which nerve innervates the thenar compartment?

A

Median nerve

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13
Q

What nerve segmental fibres innervate the thenar muscles?

A

C8/T1

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14
Q

What are the hypothenar muscles? (3)

A

Abductor digit minimi

Flexor digit minimi

Opponens digiti minimi

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15
Q

What nerve innervates the hypothenar muscles?

A

Ulnar nerve

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16
Q

What is the segmental values of the nerves innervating the hypothenar muscles?

A

C8 + T1

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17
Q

What are the two heads of the adductor pollicus?

A

Transverse head

Oblique head

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18
Q

From what tendons do the lumbricals originate?

A

Tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus

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19
Q

What is the action of the lumbrical muscles?

A

Flex fingers at metacapophalangeal joint

Extend interphalangeal joint 2nd-5th digits

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20
Q

What nerves innervate the lumbricals?

A

Lateral 2 median nerve

Medial 2: ulnar nerve

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21
Q

How many dorsal interossei are there?

A

4

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22
Q

How many palmar interossei are there?

A

3

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23
Q

What is the action of the dorsal interossei?

A

Abduct the fingers DAB

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24
Q

What is the action of the palmar interossei?

A

Adduct the fingers PAD

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25
Q

What nerve innervates the interossei?

A

Ulnar nerves

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26
Q

What spinal segments innervate the interossei?

A

C8 +T1

27
Q

What is the origin of the dorsal interossei?

A

From metacarpal proximal side.

28
Q

What is the attachment of the dorsal interossei?

A

Extensor hood of each finger

Proximal phalanx of each finger

29
Q

What is the origin of the palmar interossei?

A

Medial surface of metacarpal of index finger

Lateral surfaces of metacarpal of ring an pinky finger

30
Q

What is the attachment of the dorsal interossei?

A

Extensor hood + distal phalangeal of the same finger

31
Q

What trunk of the brachial plexus is affected in klumpke paralysis?

A

Inferior (roots C8-T1)

32
Q

What is klumpke paralysis?

A

“claw hand”

33
Q

What is the main contributor to the superficial palmar arch?

A

Ulnar artery

34
Q

What is the main contributor to the deep palmar arch?

A

Radial arch

35
Q

What muscles in the hand does the ulnar nerve not innervate?

A

Thenar muscles

First and second lumbricals

36
Q

What branch of the brachial plexus does the ulnar nerve arise from?

A

Medial branch

37
Q

What type of joint is the wrist?

A

Synovial condyloid joint

38
Q

What bones make up the wrist joint?

A

Radius

Scaphoid

lunate

39
Q

What movements are available at the wrist?

A

Flexion

Extension

Circumduction

Ulnar deviation

40
Q

What is the combined action of the extensor and flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

Adduction (ulnar deviation)

41
Q

What muscles abduct the wrist?

A

Extensors carpi radialis

Flexor carpi radialis

42
Q

What is a synovial cyst?

A

A non tendor cystic growth appearing most commonly on dorsum of hand, often associated with tendon synovial shealths

43
Q

What is another name for the anatomical snuffbox?

A

Radial fossa

44
Q

What makes up the floor of the anatomical snuffbox?

A

Scaphoid bone,

trapezium

45
Q

Which tendons form boundaries for the anatomical snuffbox?

A

Extensor pollicus brevis

Abductor pollicus brevis (both laterally)

Extensor pollicus longus (medially)

46
Q

What are the contents of the anatomical snuffbox?

A

Radial artery

Superficial branch of radial nerve

Cephalic vein

47
Q

Why is the anatomical snuffbox of clinical importance?

A

Site for palpation of the scaphoid fracture

48
Q

What muscles attach to the extensor expansion?

A

Lumbricals

Dorsal interossei

49
Q

Where are the extensor hoods located?

A

In each finger

50
Q

contents of cubital fossa

A

median nerve, biceps brachii tendon, brachial artery

51
Q

what nerve is innervation the skin in the shaded area (palmar surface)

A

median nerve

*ulnar skin innervation shaded in blue

mn: the ring finger is the one that gets split in half –> like a marriage

52
Q

in the hand, the ulnar nerve goes through the ____________

A

tunnel of Guyon

mn: gUyon –> U for ulnar

located in the hypothenar region

53
Q

what nerve innervates the dorsal portion of the hand up to 0.5 of the ring finger?

A

superficial branchb of the RADIAL nerve

54
Q

what is the princeps pollicis

A

the thumb’s independent blood supply from the radial arter

55
Q

what do you call the vessels that come from the deep palmar arch and anastomose with the superficial palmar arch

A

metacarpal arteries - starting with medial side of pointer finger to each side of each f inger to the medial side of the pinky

56
Q

what nerves are responsible for this action

A

the dorsal interossei, aided by the abductor pollicis brevis, which abducts the thumb, and the abductor digiti minimi, which abducts the little finger.

mn: DAB PAD –> Dorsals ABduct

57
Q

other than abduction, what is the secondary function of the dorsal interossei

A

In addition to their main function, the dorsal interossei contribute to the

  1. flexion in the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints –> curling hand so that knuckles are prominent)
  2. extension (straightening of ) the proximal (PIP) and distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints.

This is the reason a patient may have claw hand if there is an ulnar injury

58
Q

what muscle

A

adductor pollicis

it inserts at the base of the proximal phalynx and the ulnar sesamoid bone of MCP

59
Q

what innervation

A

deep branch of ulnar nerve

*** don’t confuse this just because its in the thenar compartment… it is not part of 1/2 LOAF

60
Q

origin of opponens pollicis

A
61
Q

origin of palmaris brevis

A

palmar aponeurosis

62
Q

what is the origin of these lumbricals?

A

tendon of flexor digitorum profundus muscle

63
Q

what is the origin of the dorsal interossei muscles

A

the metacarpal bones

64
Q

which is more common capitate or lunate dislocation?

A

Capitate (perilunate) dislocation is more common than lunate dislocation

5200: Structural Integrity (19 decks)

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