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Control and Movement Term 1 > Upper limb gross anatomy 1: Pectoral girdle and shoulder > Flashcards

Upper limb gross anatomy 1: Pectoral girdle and shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the clavicle?

A

A strut that holds the arm clear of the trunk, thus increasing the range of movement of the upper limb.

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2
Q

How is the scapula connected to the axial skeleton?

A

Via the acromioclavicular joint and by muscles.

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3
Q

Where does the pectoral girdle articulate medially with the trunk?

A

At the clavicle

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4
Q

What is the most common type of fracture upon falling on an outstretched hand and why?

A

Clavicle - force of the fall is transmitted to the clavicle.

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5
Q

Describe the basic structure of the clavicle.

A

Concave in lateral one third, convex in medial two thirds.

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6
Q

Why is the clavicle convex in the medial two thirds?

A

To allow the passage of the neurovascular bundle supplying the upper limb.

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7
Q

Which ribs lie under the scapula?

A

2-7

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8
Q

What structure divides the supraspinous and infraspinous fossae of the scapula?

A

The spine of the scapula.

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9
Q

What are the origins of the trapezius?

A

Superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, medial margin of the ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7-T12 and the related supraspinous ligaments.

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10
Q

What are the insertions of the trapezius?

A

Superior edge of the crest of the spine of the scapula, acromion, posterior border of lateral one-third of clavicle.

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11
Q

What movements are achieved by the upper fibres of the trapezius?

A

Elevates the scapula.

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12
Q

What movements are achieved by the middle fibres of the trapezius?

A

Retract the scapula.

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13
Q

What movements are achieved by the lower fibres of the trapezius?

A

Depress the scapula.

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14
Q

What movements are achieved by all of the fibres of the trapezius working together?

A

Rotation of the glenoid cavity superiorly.

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15
Q

What is the nerve supply to the trapezius?

A

Motor - spinal part of the accessory nerve (CNXI)

Sensory (proprioception) - anterior rami of C3-4

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16
Q

Where does latissimus dorsi attach to the humerus?

A

Floor of intertubular sulcus of humerus.

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17
Q

What are the actions of latissimus dorsi?

A

Extends, adducts and medially rotates humerus; raise body towards arms during climbing.

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18
Q

What are the axial attachments of levator scapula?

A

Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1-4.

Medial border of scapula superior to root of scapular spine.

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19
Q

What is the nerve supply to levator scapula?

A

Dorsal scapular (C4-5) and cervical (C3-4) nerves.

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20
Q

What are the axial attachments of rhomboid minor?

A

Proximal: Nuchal ligament; spinous processes of C7 and T1.

Distal: Smooth triagular area at medial end of scapular spine.

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21
Q

What is the nerve supply to rhomboid major?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve (C4-5)

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22
Q

What are the axial attachments of rhomboid major?

A

Proximal: Spinous processes of T2-5.

Distal: medial border of scapula from level of spine to inferior angle

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23
Q

What is the nerve supply to rhomboid minor?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve (C4-5)

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24
Q

What are the actions of levator scapulae?

A

Elevates scapula and rotates the glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula

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25
Q

What are the actions of rhomboid major and minor?

A

Retract scapula and rotate glenoid cavity inferiorly; fix scapula to thoracic wall.

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26
Q

What are the origins of deltoid?

A

Inferior edge of the crest of the scapular spine

Lateral margin of the acromion

Anterior border of the lateral 1/2 of clavicle

27
Q

What is the insertion of deltoid?

A

Deltoid tuberosity of humerus.

28
Q

What are the actions of deltoid as a whole?

A

Abduction of the arm.

29
Q

What are the actions of the anterior fibres of deltoid?

A

Assist pectoralis major in flexing the arm.

30
Q

What are the actions of the posterior fibres of deltoid?

A

Assist latissimus dorsi in extending the arm.

31
Q

What is the innervation of deltoid?

A

Axillary nerve

32
Q

What is the proximal attachement of supraspinatus?

A

Supraspinous fossa of scapula.

33
Q

What is the distal attachment of supraspinatus?

A

Superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus.

34
Q

What is the nerve supply to supraspinatus?

A

Supracapsular nerve C4-6

35
Q

What is the proximal attachment of infraspinatus?

A

Infraspinous fossa of scapula.

36
Q

What is the distal attachment of infraspinatus?

A

Middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus.

37
Q

What is the nerve supply to infraspinatus?

A

Supracapsular nerve

38
Q

What are the main actions of supraspinatus?

A

Initiates and assists deltoid in abduction of arm and acts as with rotator cuff muscles.

39
Q

What are the actions of infraspinatus?

A

Laterally rotates arm; acts with rotator cuff muscles.

40
Q

What is the proximal attachment of teres minor?

A

Middle part of lateral border of scapula

41
Q

What is the distal attachement of teres minor?

A

Middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus.

42
Q

What is the nerve supply to teres minor?

A

Axillary nerve C5-6

43
Q

What are the main actions of teres minor?

A

Laterally rotates arm and acts with rotator cuff muscles.

44
Q

What are the proximal attachments of teres major?

A

Posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula.

45
Q

What is the distal attachment of teres major?

A

Medial lip of inter-tubercular sulcus of humerus.

46
Q

What is the nerve supply to teres major?

A

Lower subcapsular nerve C5-6

47
Q

What are the functions of teres major?

A

Adducts and medially rotates arm.

48
Q

What are the proximal attachments of subscapularis?

A

Subscapular fossa (most anterior surface of fossa.

49
Q

What is the distal attachement of subscapularis?

A

Lesser tubercle of humerus.

50
Q

What is the nerve supply to subscapularis?

A

Upper and lower subcapsular nerves C5-7

51
Q

What are the main actions of subscapularis?

A

Medially rotates arm as part of rotator cuff, helps hold the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity.

52
Q

What is the mnemonic that helps you recall the attachments of the rotator cuff muscles?

A

From greater tubercle to lesser tubercle:

Teres minor

Infraspinatus

Supraspinatus

Subscapularis

53
Q

What are the four borders of the quadrangular space?

A

Superiorly: teres minor

Inferiorly: teres major

Medially: long head of triceps brachii

Laterally: humerus

54
Q

Which artery and nerve are located within the quadrangular space?

A

Axillary nerve and posterior circumflex artery

55
Q

What movements are possible at the glenohumeral joint and which muscles are involved?

A

Flexion - clavicular deltoid

Extension - spinal deltoid

Medial rotation - deltoid, teres major, subscapularis

Lateral rotation - spinal deltoid, infraspinatus, teres major

Abduction - acromial deltoid

Adduction - teres major

56
Q

Which muscle is responsible for the initiation of abduction at the glenohumeral joint?

A

Supraspinatus

57
Q

What are the attachments of the long head of biceps brachii?

A

Arises from the supraglenoid tubercle, crosses head of humerus within cavity of glenohumeral joint.

58
Q

What are the attachments of the long head of triceps brachii?

A

Infraglenoid tuberosity

59
Q

Which muscles produce protraction of the scapula?

A

Pectoralis major, pectoralis minor and serratus anterior

60
Q

Which muscles produce retraction of the scapula?

A

Trapezius (middle fibres), rhomboid major and minor and latissimus dorsi

61
Q

Contraction of which muscles produce elevation of the scapula?

A

Trapezius (superior fibres), levator scapula, ?serratus anterior, ?rhomboids

62
Q

Which muscles contract to produce depression of the scapula?

A

Pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, trapezius (inferior fibres)

63
Q

Which muscles produce medial rotation of the scapula?

A

latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major, teres major, subscaplaris

Control and Movement Term 1 (23 decks)

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