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Control and Movement Term 1 > Control lecture 1: Introduction to the human brain > Flashcards

Control lecture 1: Introduction to the human brain Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the cleft separating the cerebral hemispheres?

A

The great longitudinal fissure.

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2
Q

Where would you find grey matter and white matter?

A

Grey matter lies on the surface of the brain, white matter is deep to this.

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3
Q

What are the names of the folds and grooves on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres?

A

Fold = gyrus (gyri) Groove = sulcus (sulci)

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4
Q

What is the function of the sulci/gyri and what is their significance in humans?

A

Increase surface area of brain. Allow us to feel more complex emotions - only seen in humans.

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5
Q

Which lobes are divided by the central sulcus?

A

Frontal from parietal.

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6
Q

Which lobes are divided by the lateral sulcus?

A

Frontal/parietal from temporal.

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7
Q

What is the name name of the gyrus anterior to the central sulcus and which cortex is found here?

A

The precentral gyrus.

Primary motor cortex - every single motor axon originates here.

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8
Q

What is the name of the gyrus posterior to the central sulcus and what cortex is found here?

A

The postcentral gyrus.

The primary somatosensory cortex - recieves all sensory input.

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9
Q

Which gyrus is found inferior to the lateral sulcus and what cortex is found here?

A

The superior temporal gyrus - the primary auditory cortex.

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10
Q

What is the name of the sulcus the separates the parietal lobe from the occipital lobe?

A

The parieto-occipital sulcus.

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11
Q

Which cortex is found at the most posterior aspect of the occipital lobe?

A

The primary visual cortex.

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12
Q

Which sulcus runs diagonally across the medial surface of the occipital lobe?

A

Calcarine sulcus

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13
Q

What are the divisions of the diencephalon?

A

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

Epithalamus

Subthalamus

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14
Q

What is the function of the thalamus?

A
  • Relay station between between brainstem, spinal cord and cerebral cortex.
  • Also has roles in: memory, alertness, consciousness, perception and cognition
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15
Q

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

A

Controls the ANS.

Controls hunger, thirst, body temperature, sexual activity, circadian rhythms, blood pressure/HR (see also medulla oblongata) etc…

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16
Q

What are the divisions of the brainstem?

A

Midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata.

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17
Q

What primary brain vesicle does the forebrain develop from?

A

The prosencephalon.

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18
Q

Which primary brain vesicle does the midbrain develop from?

A

The mesencephalon.

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19
Q

Which primary brain vesicle does the hindbrain develop from?

A

Rhombencephalon.

20
Q

Describe the development of the cerebral hemispheres.

A

Prosencephalon -> telencephalon -> cerebral hemispheres

21
Q

Describe the development of the diencephalon.

A

Prosencephalon -> diencephalon -> diencephalon.

22
Q

Describe the development of the midbrain

A

Mesencephalon -> mesencephalon -> midbrain.

23
Q

Describe the development of the pons and cerebellum.

A

Rhombencephalon -> metaencephalon -> pons and cerebellum

24
Q

Describe the development of the medulla oblongata.

A

Rhomencephalon -> myelencephalon -> medulla oblongata

25
Q

Give a summary of CNS development.

A
  1. Adult CNS from hollow neural tube.
  2. Five swellings develop at rostral end.
  3. Each forms a subdivision of adult brain.
  4. Rest of tube forms spinal cord. Cavity of tube persists in different degrees of expansion throughout tube:

Ventricles – expanded cavities within the brain Connecting channels – link ventricles Vestigial – central canal of spinal cord

26
Q

What are the features of the dura?

A
  • Tough, fibrous membrane
  • Ensheathes brain like loose fitting bag
  • Two large reflections of dura extend into the cranial cavity between the cerebral hemispheres (falx cerebri), and cerebrum and cerebellum (tentorium cerebelli).
27
Q

What are the features of the arachnoid?

A
  • Soft translucent membrane
  • Also surrounds the brain
  • Space between arachnoid and dura = subdural space (very small)
28
Q

What are the features of the pia?

A

–Microscopically thin, delicate membrane

–Tightly adhered to the surface of the brain, following all cavities

29
Q

What is the subarachnoid space?

A

Space between the pia and arachnoid that contains CSF.

30
Q

What are the layers of the dura?

A

Periosteal (superficial) and meningeal (deep).

31
Q

At what points are the layers of the dura not fused together?

A

Dural venous sinuses and various infoldings.

32
Q

How does venous blood drain from the brain?

A

Into the dural sinuses and then the internal jugular vein.

33
Q

What is the function of the 4th ventricle?

A

Creates and stores CSF.

34
Q

What is the falx cerebri?

A

Infolding of the dura between the cerebral hemispheres.

35
Q

What is the tentorium cerebelli?

A

Dural infolding between occipital lobes and cerebellum.

36
Q

What is the falx cerebelli?

A

Dural infolding between the cerebellar hemispheres.

37
Q

What is the function of the dural infoldings?

A

Location of various venous sinuses. Recieve venous blood from the brain and drain into the jugular vein.

38
Q

What percentage of bodily oxygen is consumed by the brain?

A

20%.

39
Q

What are the two pairs of arteries that supply the brain?

A

The vertebral artery and the internal carotid.

40
Q

What is the origin of the vertebral artery?

A

The subclavian.

41
Q

Where does the verterbal artery enter the skull?

A

Via the foramen magnum.

42
Q

What is the origin of the internal carotid?

A

The common carotid.

43
Q

Where does the common carotid enter the skull?

A

The carotid canals.

44
Q

What are the three pairs of cerebellar arteries?

A

Posterior inferior cerebellar

Anterior inferior cerebellar

Superior cerebellar

45
Q

What are the three pairs of cerebral arteries?

A

Posterior cerebral

Middle cerebral

Anterior cerebral

Control and Movement Term 1 (23 decks)

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