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Human Anatomy > Upper Limb: Arm Region > Flashcards

Upper Limb: Arm Region Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following structures is considered a bony landmark of the distal humerus? Select all that apply.

Deltoid tuberosity
Surgical neck
Capitulum
Trochlea
Olecranon fossa

A

Capitulum
Trochlea
Olecranon fossa

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2
Q

Which structures are bony landmarks for the proximal ulna? Select all that apply.

Coronoid process
Trochlear notch
Ulna styloid
Coracoid process
Olecranon

A

Coronoid process
Trochlear notch
Olecranon

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3
Q

Which of the following articulations form the humeral radial joint of the elbow?

A. Trochlear of the humerus and trochlear notch of the ulna
B. Capitulum of the humerus and head of the radius
C. Olecranon of the ulna and olecranon fossa of the humerus

A

B

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4
Q

True or false: The elbow is a hinge synovial joint allowing for one degree of freedom: flexion and extension.

A

True

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5
Q

Which of the following muscles is a muscle of the anterior compartment of the arm? Select al that apply.

Coracobrachialis
Triceps brachii
Anconeus
Biceps brachii
Brachialis

A

Coracobrachialis
Biceps brachii
Brachialis

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6
Q

Which of the following inserts on the radial tuberosity?

A. Biceps brachii
B. Triceps brachii
C. Brachialis

A

A

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7
Q

Which of the following muscles will produce motion at both the shoulder and elbow joints? Select all that apply.

Coracobrachialis
Long head of triceps brachii
Lateral head of triceps brachii
Long head of biceps brachii
Short head of biceps brachii
Brachialis

A

Long head of triceps brachii
Long head of biceps brachii
Short head of biceps brachii

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8
Q

True or false: The radial nerve innervates the muscles of the posterior compartment of the arm.

A

True

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9
Q

Label the parts of the humerus.

A

See image

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10
Q

Label the parts of the elbow joint.

A

See image.

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11
Q

The elbow joint is a __________ type of synovial joint formed by the ___________ and ____________ articulations.

A

Humeroulnar
Humeroradial

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12
Q

The __________ ligament lies medial to the elbow joint and stablizes the humeroulnar articulation.

A

Ulnar collateral

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13
Q

The _________ ligament lies lateral the the elbow joint and stabilizes the humeroradial articulation.

A

Radial collateral

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14
Q

What bony landmarks of the forearm articulate with the humerus to form the elbow joint?

A

Trochlear notch, head of radius, olecranon

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15
Q

What bony landmarks of the humerus articulate with the radius and ulna to form the elbow joint?

A

Trochlea, capitulum, olecranon fossa

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16
Q

What bursa is located between the subcutaneous connective tissue and the olecranon?

A

Subcutaneous olecranon bursa

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17
Q

What structures divide the arm into anterior and posterior compartments?

A

medial and lateral inter-muscular septa

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18
Q

What muscles of the posterior and anterior compartments act ONLY on the elbow joint?

A

Anconeus (posterior) and Brachialis (anterior)

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19
Q

What is bursitis?

A

Inflammation of the bursa/e

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20
Q

What is the carrying angle?

A

Caused by the trochlea, which projects more inferiorly at an angle; this causes the forearm to deviate laterally from the long axis of the humerus by about 10 to 15 degrees

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21
Q

Which layer of fascia is penetrated by deep nerves and vessels?

A. Superficial fascia
B. Brachial fascia
C. Medial and lateral inter-muscular septa

A

B

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22
Q

The musculocutaneous nerve innervates which 3 muscles? What do these muscles have in common?

A
  1. Coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, Brachialis
  2. They are all in the anterior compartment and flex the elbow joint
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23
Q

The radial nerve innervates which muscles? What do they have in common?

A
  1. Triceps brachii and anconeus
  2. They are in the posterior compartment and extend the elbow joint
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24
Q

Which muscle of the anterior compartment acts only on the shoulder?

A

Coracobrachialis

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25
Q

Which muscle of the anterior compartment acts on BOTH the shoulder AND the elbow joint?

A

Biceps brachii

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26
Q

Which part of the triceps acts on BOTH the shoulder AND the elbow joint?

A. Long head
B. Lateral head
C. Medial head
D. All three heads do

A

A

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27
Q

“The tendon of the long head of the biceps moves back and forth in the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus. Repetitive microtrauma can cause inflammation.”

The above description fits which of the following clinical conditions?

A. Bursitis
B. Bicipital groove tendonitis
C. Rupture of the biceps tendon

A

B

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28
Q

“This condition usually results from wear and tear of an inflamed tendon. The occurrence is usually dramatic, and the muscle belly forms a ball near the center of the distal part of the anterior aspect of the arm.”

The above description fits which of the following clinical conditions?

A. Bursitis
B. Bicipital groove tendonitis
C. Rupture of the biceps tendon

A

C

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29
Q

What is the most common type of elbow dislocation?

A

Posterior dislocation

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30
Q

If the radial nerve is injured, one might see paralysis in which muscles?

A

Triceps

(And Brachioradialis, Supinator, Extensor muscles of the wrist and fingers)

31
Q

The key sign of radial nerve injury is ____________.

A

Wrist drop (inability to extend wrist)

32
Q

If the musculocutaneous nerve is injured, one might see paralysis in which muscles?

A

Coracobrachialis
Biceps brachii
Brachialis

33
Q

What is one common symptom of a musculocutaneous injury?

A

Inability to either flex the elbow or supinate the forearm

34
Q

What muscle is this? Name its origin, insertion, innervation, and action.

A

NAME: Coracobrachialis

ORIGIN: Coracoid process

INSERTION: middle 1/3 of medial surface of humerus

INNERVATION: musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6, C7)

ACTION: flexion and abduction of the shoulder

35
Q

What muscle is this? Name its origin, insertion, innervation, and action.

A

NAME: Biceps brachii

ORIGIN: Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula. Short head: coracoid process of scapula

INSERTION: Radial tuberosity and fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis

INNERVATION: Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6)

ACTION: Flexes elbow joint when forearm is supinated; supinated forearm; flexes shoulder joint

36
Q

What muscle is this? Name its origin, insertion, innervation, and action.

A

NAME: Brachialis

ORIGIN: Distal 1/2 of anterior surface of humerus

INSERTION: coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna

INNERVATION: musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6)

ACTION: Flexes the elbow joint (regardless of forearm position)

37
Q

What muscle is this? Name its origin, insertion, innervation, and action.

A

NAME: Triceps

ORIGIN: Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula. Lateral head: posterior-superior surface (laterally) of humerus. Medial head: Posterior-inferior surface (medially) of humerus

INSERTION: Posterior surface of olecranon and fascia of forearm

INNERVATION: Radial nerve (C6, C7, C8)

ACTION: Extends the elbow joint; long head also extends the shoulder joint

38
Q

What muscle is this? Name its origin, insertion, innervation, and action.

A

NAME: Anconeus

ORIGIN: Posterior surface of the lateral epicondyle of humerus

INSERTION: Lateral aspect of olecranon process ad superior part of posterior ulna

INNERVATION: Radial nerve (C6, C7, C8)

ACTION: Assists triceps in producing elbow extension; plays a small role in forearm pronation

39
Q

Which of the following structures forms a boundary of the triangular interval? Select all that apply.

Teres major
Teres minor
Long head of triceps
Lateral head of triceps
Medial head of triceps

A

Teres major
Long head of triceps
Lateral head of triceps

40
Q

True or false: The musculocutaneous nerve becomes a purely cutaneous nerve after supplying the muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm.

41
Q

Which structures can be seen within the triangular interval when transitioning to the posterior compartment of the arm? Select all that apply.

Profunda brachii artery
Circumflex scapular artery
Posterior circumflex humeral artery
Radial nerve
Axillary nerve

A

Profunda brachii artery
Radial nerve

42
Q

Which of the following nerves supplies the skin of the medial aspect of the arm?

A. Medial brachial cutaneous nerve
B. Inferior lateral brachial cutaneous nerve
C. Posterior brachial cutaneous nerve

43
Q

True or false: When the axillary artery crosses the inferior margin of the deltoid muscle it becomes the brachial artery.

A

False

When it crosses Teres Major!

44
Q

True or false: The profunda brachii artery provides muscles of the posterior compartment with blood.

45
Q

Which of the following veins is a typical site for venipuncture?

A. Cephalic
B. Axillary
C. Brachial
D. Median cubital

46
Q

True or false: The coracoacromial ligament and acromion process form an arch over the glenohumeral joint.

47
Q

Your patient sustained an injury to the musculocutaneous nerve. Which pattern of sensory loss are you most likely to see in your patient?

A. Loss of sensation over the medial surface of the forearm
B. Loss of sensation over the posteromedial surface of the forearm
C. Loss of sensation over the lateral surface of the forearm
D. Loss of sensation over the anterolateral surface of the forearm

48
Q

Which of the following nerves branch directly off the superior trunk of the brachial plexus?

A. Dorsal scapular and long thoracic
B. Thoracodorsal and upper subscapular
C. Lateral pectoral and lower subscapular nerves
D. Suprascapular and nerve to subclavius

49
Q

Which of the following adducts the scapula and assists with downward rotation of the scapula?

A. rhomboid major and minor
B. Posterior fibers of the deltoid
C. Subscapularis
D. Upper fibers of the trapezius

50
Q

True or false: Each trunk of the brachial plexus divides into an anterior and posterior division. The posterior divisions unite and give off a terminal branch that will innervate the flexor compartment of the arm.

A

False

The EXTENSOR compartment

51
Q

Which of the following arteries travels through the quadrangular space?

A. Suprascapular artery
B. Posterior circumflex humeral artery
C. Anterior circumflex humeral artery
D. Circumflex scapular artery

52
Q

True or false: Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres major, and subscapularis are the rotator cuff muscles of the GH joint.

A

FALSE

Teres minor, NOT major

53
Q

True or false: The axillary nerve and profunda brachii are seen in the triangular interval.

A

False

The RADIAL nerve and profunda brachii are seen in the triangular interval.

54
Q

The _____________ nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the arm.

A

Radial nerve

55
Q

Which of the following supplies the medial side of the arm?

A. Superior lateral brachial cutaneous
B. Intercostal and medial brachial cutaneous
C. Inferior lateral brachial cutaneous
D. Posterior brachial cutaneous

56
Q

Which of the following supplies the skin on the posterior aspect of the arm?

A. Superior lateral brachial cutaneous
B. Intercostal and medial brachial cutaneous
C. Inferior lateral brachial cutaneous
D. Posterior brachial cutaneous

57
Q

Which of the following supplies the inferolateral aspect of the arm?

A. Superior lateral brachial cutaneous
B. Intercostal and medial brachial cutaneous
C. Inferior lateral brachial cutaneous
D. Posterior brachial cutaneous

58
Q

Which of the following supplies the skin overlying the deltoid and the lateral side of the arm (about mid-arm)?

A. Superior lateral brachial cutaneous
B. Intercostal and medial brachial cutaneous
C. Inferior lateral brachial cutaneous
D. Posterior brachial cutaneous

59
Q

True or false: The brachial artery is a continuation of the axillary artery moving inferior into the arm.

60
Q

The profunda brachii is also called…

A

Deep branch (of the brachial artery)

61
Q

The two main superficial veins of the arm are…

A

Cephalic and basilic

62
Q

Which of the following veins is a site for venipuncture?

A. Cephalic
B. Basilic
C. Median cubital
D. Brachial

63
Q

The ____________ vein provides “communication” between the cephalic and basilic vein.

A

Median cubital

64
Q

How is blood pressure measured?

A
  1. A cuff is placed around the upper arm and inflated.
  2. The clinician puts a stethoscope over the artery in the cubital fossa.
  3. The first heartbeat heard marks the systolic pressure.
  4. When the clinician can no longer hear the pulse marks the diastolic.
65
Q

True or false: while a clinician is taking blood pressure, when they no longer hear the pulse is the marker for systolic pressure.

A

False

Diastolic; systolic pressure is marked at the first sound of the heartbeat. Diastolic is when you do not hear the pulse anymore.

66
Q

Which of the following spaces is described:
Transmits the axillary artery and veins and the brachial plexus. Bordered by the pectoralis major, subscapularis, teres major, latissimus dorsi, serratus anterior, and proximal humerus.

A. Quadrangular space
B. Triangular space
C. Triangular interval
D. Axilla
E. Cervical-axillary canal
F. Thoracic outlet G. Scalene triangle
H. Costoclavicular space
I. Subpectoral space

67
Q

Which of the following spaces is described:
Transmits the radial nerve and profunda brachii. Bordered by teres major, long head of triceps and lateral head of triceps.

A. Quadrangular space
B. Triangular space
C. Triangular interval
D. Axilla
E. Cervical-axillary canal
F. Thoracic outlet G. Scalene triangle
H. Costoclavicular space
I. Subpectoral space

68
Q

Which of the following spaces is described:
Transmits the posterior circumflex humeral artery and axillary nerve. Bordered by subscapularis, teres minor, teres major, long head of triceps, an surgical neck of humerus.

A. Quadrangular space
B. Triangular space
C. Triangular interval
D. Axilla
E. Cervical-axillary canal
F. Thoracic outlet G. Scalene triangle
H. Costoclavicular space
I. Subpectoral space

69
Q

Which of the following spaces is described:
Transmits circumflex scapular artery. Bordered by subscapularis, teres minor, teres major, and long head of triceps.

A. Quadrangular space
B. Triangular space
C. Triangular interval
D. Axilla
E. Cervical-axillary canal
F. Thoracic outlet
G. Scalene triangle
H. Costoclavicular space
I. Subpectoral space

70
Q

Which of the following spaces is described:
Triangle between clavicle, first rib, and superior scapula.

A. Quadrangular space
B. Triangular space
C. Triangular interval
D. Axilla
E. Cervical-axillary canal
F. Thoracic outlet
G. Scalene triangle
H. Costoclavicular space
I. Subpectoral space

71
Q

Which of the following spaces is described:
Neurovascular structures supplying the upper limb transition from the neck to the axilla.

A. Quadrangular space
B. Triangular space
C. Triangular interval
D. Axilla
E. Cervical-axillary canal
F. Thoracic outlet
G. Scalene triangle
H. Costoclavicular space
I. Subpectoral space

72
Q

Which of the following spaces is described:
Transmits brachial plexus, axillary artery and axillary vein. Formed by clavicle, subclavius, and 1st and 2nd ribs.

A. Quadrangular space
B. Triangular space
C. Triangular interval
D. Axilla
E. Cervical-axillary canal
F. Thoracic outlet
G. Scalene triangle
H. Costoclavicular space
I. Subpectoral space

73
Q

Which of the following spaces is described:
Transmits cords of brachial plexus, axillary artery, axillary vein. Formed by insertion of pectoralis minor and 3-5 ribs.

A. Quadrangular space
B. Triangular space
C. Triangular interval
D. Axilla
E. Cervical-axillary canal
F. Thoracic outlet
G. Scalene triangle
H. Costoclavicular space
I. Subpectoral space

74
Q

Which of the following spaces is described:
Transmits subclavian artery and superior brachial plexus. Formed by the anterior scalene, middle scalene, and 1st rib.

A. Quadrangular space
B. Triangular space
C. Triangular interval
D. Axilla
E. Cervical-axillary canal
F. Thoracic outlet
G. Scalene triangle
H. Costoclavicular space
I. Subpectoral space

Human Anatomy (15 decks)

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