Cranial Nerves Flashcards
True or false: There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves, and they are numbered 1-12 from rostral to caudal.
True
Cranial nerves are involved in which of the following functions? Select all that apply.
A. Conveying sensory information from the face and head to the brain.
B. Sending motor signals to skeletal muscles of the head and neck.
C. Conveying sensory information from the skin surfaces of the upper and lower limbs.
D. Sending motor signals to skeletal muscles of the upper and lower limbs.
E. Carrying parasympathetic outflow of the autonomic nervous system.
F. Allow for special sensory functions such as smell, vision, hearing, balance, and taste.
A, B, E, F
True or false: Visceral motor components of cranial nerves innervated skeletal muscle.
False
Visceral motor components innumerate smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands. Somatic motor components innervated skeletal muscle.
Which of the following cranial nerves allows us to have a sense of smell?
A. Olfactory
B. Optic
C. Oculomotor
D. Abducens
A
Which cranial nerves are considered extra ocular cranial nerves? Select all that apply.
A. Olfactory
B. Optic
C. Oculomotor
D. Trochlear
E. Abducent
C, D, E
Which of the following cranial nerves has both somatic and visceral motor components?
A. Optic
B. Oculomotor
C. Trochlear
D. Abducent
B
Which of the following cranial nerve carries all 5 nerve components? Select all that apply.
A. CN VIII
B. CN VII
C. CN IX
D. CN X
E. CN V
B, C, E
Which cranial nerves travel through the internal acoustic meatus? Select all that apply.
A. Facial
B. Vestibulocochlear
C. Glossopharygneal
D. Vagus
A, B
Which of the following cranial nerves contain only somatic motor components? Select all that apply.
A. Facial
B. Hypoglossal
C. Trigeminal
D. Oculomotor
E. Accessory
F. Trochlear
G. Abducent
B, E, F, G
The only four cranial nerves to carry ONLY somatic motor components are the trochlear, abducent, hypoglossal, and spinal accessory nerves.
The facial nerve carries all 5 components.
The oculomotor nerve carries both visceral and somatic motor components.
Damage to which of the following cranial nerves would produce weakness of the muscles of the tongue?
A. Accessory
B. Hypoglossal
C. Facial
B
The function of the cranial nerves is…
To send sensory information from the face ad head to the brain and send motor signals to the skeletal muscles of the head and neck
Do the cranial nerves make up the parasympathetic or sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?
Parasympathetic
What are the special senses?
Smell
See
Balance
Hear
Taste
What are somatic motor components?
Voluntary motor components innervating skeletal muscles (in orbit, tongue, neck)
What are visceral motor components?
Motor components giving rise to the parasympathetic system.
Preganglionic fibers synapse outside the CNS in a parasympathetic ganglion. Post-ganglionic fibers go on to innervated smooth muscles, cardiac muscle, and glands.
What are general sensory components?
Fibers that transmit general sensation such as pain, temperature, pressure, and touch, from the skin and mucous membranes
This occurs mainly through the trigeminal nerve (CN V) but also through the facial nerve (CN VII), glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), and vagus nerve (CN X).
What are visceral sensory components?
Fibers that convey visceral sensation from the parotid gland, carotid body, and sinus, middle ear, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, heart, and GI tract.
What are special sensory components?
Fibers that transmit sensations of taste and smell, the special senses of vision, hearing, and balance
How are the peripheral nervous system, autonomic nervous system, somatic nervous system, sympathetic nervous system, and parasympathetic nervous system related?
The Peripheral Nervous System contains two branches:
1. Autonomic (visceral) Nervous System - this is involuntary, controlling body processes such as breathing, circulation, and digestion. It only as motor pathways.
A. The Sympathetic Nervous System is a sub branch of the ANS; it is responsible for our “fight or flight”.
B. The Parasympathetic Nervous System is another sub branch of the ANS; it is responsible for our ”rest and digest”.
2. Somatic Nervous System - this is voluntary, and controls muscles and movement. It has both sensory AND motor components.
CN I is known as the _______________ nerve.
Name its…
A. Origination
B. Whether it enters (send information to the brain) or exits (delivers information from the brain) the skull
C. Its neuronal components (motor, sensory, or both)
D. Its major function.
CN I: Olfactory Nerve
A. Originates: Olfactory epithelium
B. ENTERS via cribiform plate
C. Components: Special sensory
D. Functions: Smell
CN II is known as the _______________ nerve.
Name its…
A. Origination
B. Whether it enters (send information to the brain) or exits (delivers information from the brain) the skull
C. Its neuronal components (motor, sensory, or both)
D. Its major function.
CN II: Optic Nerve
A. Originates: Retina
B. ENTERS via optic canal
C. Components: Special sensory
D. Functions: Vision
CN III is known as the _______________ nerve.
Name its…
A. Origination
B. Whether it enters (send information to the brain) or exits (delivers information from the brain) the skull
C. Its neuronal components (motor, sensory, or both)
D. Its major function.
CN III: Oculomotor Nerve
A. Originates: Midbrain
B. EXITS via superior orbital fissure
C. Components: somatic motor (superior, inferior, and medial rectus, and levator palpebrae superioris) AND visceral motor (circular and radial muscles, and ciliary body)
D. Functions: Movement of the eyes, pupillary constriction, and lens accommodation
CN IV is known as the _______________ nerve.
Name its…
A. Origination
B. Whether it enters (send information to the brain) or exits (delivers information from the brain) the skull
C. Its neuronal components (motor, sensory, or both)
D. Its major function.
CN IV: Trochlear Nerve
A. Originates: midbrain
B. EXIT via superior orbital fissure
C. Components: Somatic motor (superior oblique)
D. Functions: Movement of the eyes
This is the ONLY CROSSED cranial nerve
CN V is known as the _______________ nerve.
It has 3 branches: ___________, ___________, _________. (Name their neuronal components).
Name its…
A. Origination
B. Whether it enters (send information to the brain) or exits (delivers information from the brain) the skull
C. Its neuronal components (motor, sensory, or both)
D. Its major function.
CN V: Trigeminal Nerve
It’s 3 branches are:
1. Ophthalmic - sensory
2. Maxillary - Sensory
3. Mandibular - Both sensory and motor
A. Originates: Pons
B. V1: ENERS via superior orbital fissure; V2 ENTERS via foramen rotundum; V3 ENTERS AND EXITS through foramen ovale
C. Components: General sensory, somatic (brachial) motor
D. Functions: Mastication, eardrum tension, general sensations from anterior 2/3 of tongue, anterior aspects of head, face, nose, mouth, cornea, and meninges
CN VI is known as the _______________ nerve.
Name its…
A. Origination
B. Whether it enters (send information to the brain) or exits (delivers information from the brain) the skull
C. Its neuronal components (motor, sensory, or both)
D. Its major function.
CN VI: Abducent Nerve
A. Originates: Pons
B. EXITS via superior orbital fissure
C. Components: Somatic motor (lateral rectus)
D. Functions: Movement of the eye
CN VII is known as the _______________ nerve.
It has 5 branches: (name them and their neuronal components)
Name its…
A. Origination
B. Whether it enters (send information to the brain) or exits (delivers information from the brain) the skull
C. Its neuronal components (motor, sensory, or both)
D. Its major function.
CN VII: Facial Nerve
It’s 5 branches are (all sensory):
1. Temporal
2. Zygomatic
3. Buccal
4. Mandibular
5. Cervical
A. Originates: Pons
B. ENTERS AND EXITS via internal acoustic meatus and stylomastoid foramen
C. Components: Somatic (brachial) motor, special sensory, general sensory, visceral motor, and visceral sensory
D. Functions: facial expression, regulates tension on ear bones, taste (anterior 2/3 of tongue), salivation (sublingual and submandibular glands), production of tears (lacrimal gland).
CN VIII is known as the _______________ nerve.
Name its…
A. Origination
B. Whether it enters (send information to the brain) or exits (delivers information from the brain) the skull
C. Its neuronal components (motor, sensory, or both)
D. Its major function.
CN VIII: Vestibulocochlear Nerve
A. Originates: Pons
B. ENTERS via internal acoustic meatus
C. Components: Special sensory
D. Functions: hearing and balance
CN IX is known as the _______________ nerve.
Name its…
A. Origination
B. Whether it enters (send information to the brain) or exits (delivers information from the brain) the skull
C. Its neuronal components (motor, sensory, or both)
D. Its major function.
CN IX: Glossopharyngeal Nerve
A. Originates: medulla
B. ENTERS AND EXITS via jugular foramen
C. Components: Somatic (brachial) motor, visceral motor, visceral sensory, special sensory, general sensory
D. Functions: swallowing, salivation (parotid gland), taste (posterior 1/3 of tongue), general sensation from posterior 1/3 of tongue, visceral sensory (carotid body and sinus)
CN X is known as the _______________ nerve.
Name its…
A. Origination
B. Whether it enters (send information to the brain) or exits (delivers information from the brain) the skull
C. Its neuronal components (motor, sensory, or both)
D. Its major function.
CN X: Vagus Nerve
A. Originates: medulla
B. ENTERS AND EXITS via jugular foramen
C. Components: somatic (brachial), visceral motor, visceral sensory, special sensory, general sensory
D. Functions: swallowing, laryngeal control, taste (palate and epiglottis), visceral sensory and motor to organs of abdomen and thorax
CN XI is known as the _______________ nerve.
Name its…
A. Origination
B. Whether it enters (send information to the brain) or exits (delivers information from the brain) the skull
C. Its neuronal components (motor, sensory, or both)
D. Its major function.
CN XI: Spinal Accessory Nerve
A. Originates: medulla and cervical spinal cord
B. EXITS via jugular foramen
C. Components: somatic motor
D. Functions: movements of head and shoulders
CN XII is known as the _______________ nerve.
Name its…
A. Origination
B. Whether it enters (send information to the brain) or exits (delivers information from the brain) the skull
C. Its neuronal components (motor, sensory, or both)
D. Its major function.
CN XII: Hypoglossal Nerve
A. Originates: Medulla
B. EXITS via hypoglossal canal
C. Components: somatic motor
D. Functions: movements of tongue
