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MB2 Rheumatology and Orthopaedics > Upper limb anatomy > Flashcards

Upper limb anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

joints of upper limb?

A 
sternoclavicular 
acromioclavicular 
glenohumeral 
elbow 
proximal and distal radioulnar joints 
radiocarpal joint 
first CMC joint 
MCP joint 
PIP joint 
DIP joint
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2
Q

what is subluxation

A

partial dislocation

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3
Q

what is disclocation

A

where articular surfaces do not overlap at all

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4
Q

what ligaments does the elbow have

A

lateral (radial) collateral
medial (ulnar) collateral
annular

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5
Q

muscles of shoulder girdle?

A 
trapezius 
deltoid 
latissimus dorsi 
levator scapulae 
teres
pectoralis major and minor 
serratus anterior 
rhomboid major and minor 
rotator cuff
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6
Q

what is deltoid innervated by

A

axillary nerve

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7
Q

what is pectoralis major innervated by

A

medial pectoral and lateral pectoral

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8
Q

what is pectoralis minor innervated by

A

medial pectoral

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9
Q

what is serratus anterior innervated by

A

long thoracic

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10
Q

what is levator scapulae innervated by

A

dorsal scapular

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11
Q

what is rhomboid major and minor innervated by

A

dorsal scapular

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12
Q

what is teres innervated by

A

lower subscapular

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13
Q

what is latissimus dorsi innervated by

A

thoracodorsal

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14
Q

what is trapezius innervated by

A

accessory nerve

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15
Q

where are the rotator cuff muscles found

A

anterior, superior and posterior to shoulder and are stabilisers

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16
Q

what are the 4 rotator cuff muscles

A

supraspinous
infraspinous
teres minor
subscapularis

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17
Q

what artery, nerve and vein supplies anterior arm and what are the muscles in it and what does it do

A

brachial artery/vein and musculocutaneous
biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, brachialis
flexion of arm and forearm, biceps brachii supinates forearm

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18
Q

what artery, nerve and vein supplies posterior arm and what are the muscles in it and what does it do

A

profunda brachii artery (ulnar collateral) and vein and radial nerve
triceps brachii
extend arm and forearm

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19
Q

artery, vein, nerve and function of anterior forearm

A

radial/ulnar artery and venae comitantes
median and ulnar supplies flexor carpi ulnaris and medial half flexor digitorum profundus
flex wrist and digits, abduction/adduction wrist, pronate forearm

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20
Q

artery, vein, nerve and function of posterior forearm

A

interosseous artery and venae comitantes
radial nerve
extend wrist and digits, abduction/adduction wrist, supinate forearm

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21
Q

superficial muscles of anterior forearm

A

pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, palmaris longus

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22
Q

intermediate muscles of anterior forearm

A

flexor digitorum superficialis

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23
Q

deep muscles of anterior forearm

A

flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum profundus, pronator quadratus

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24
Q

superficial muscles of posterior forearm

A

brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor digitorum, anconeus

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25
Q

deep muscles of posterior forearm

A

supinator, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor indicis, extensor pollicis longus, abductor pollicis longus

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26
Q

what artery and motor nerve supplies the hand

A

superficial (ulnar) and deep (radial) palmar arches

median and ulnar

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27
Q

what muscles are in thenar eminence and what nerve supplies them

A

abductor pollicis brevis
flexor pollicis brevis
opponens pollicis
median

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28
Q

what muscles are in the hypothenar eminence and what nerve supplies them

A

abductor digiti minimi
flexor digiti minimi
opponens digiti minimi
ulnar nerve

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29
Q

what do the dorsal/palmar interossei do and what innervates them

A

dorsal abducts digits and palmar adducts digits

ulnar nerve

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30
Q

what supplies medial palmar/dorsal hand, little finger and 1/2 ring finger

A

ulnar nerve (C8-T1)

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31
Q

what supplies lateral palmar hand and thumb, index, middle and 1/2 ring finger

A

median nerve (C6-C8)

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32
Q

what supplies dorsolateral hand

A

radial nerve (C6-C8)

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33
Q

what supplies anteromedial sensory supply to wrist

A

medial cutaneous nerve of forearm

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34
Q

what supplies anterolateral sensory supply to wrist

A

lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm

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35
Q

what supplies posterior sensory supply to wrist

A

posterior cutaneous nerve of forearm

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36
Q

describe carpal tunnel and contents

A 
between carpal bones and flexor retinaculum 
median nerve 
flexor digitorum superficialis 
flexor digitorum profundus 
flexor pollicis longus
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37
Q

the axillary artery has a scapular anastomosis. what are the 3 branches

A

suprascapular
dorsal scapular
circumflex scapular

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38
Q

the axillary vein is a continuation of the ___ vein and becomes the axillary vein at ____

A

brachial vein

lower border of teres major

39
Q

where can pulsations of the subclavian artery be palpated

A

where the artery crosses the first rib

40
Q

what muscle forms a large part of the anterior wall of the axilla

A

pectoralis major

41
Q

what muscle contributes to the posterior wall of the axilla

A

teres major

42
Q

what do humeral lymph nodes receive lymph from

A

most of upper limb

43
Q

what do subscapular lymph nodes get lymph from

A

scapular region

44
Q

what do pectoral lymph nodes get lymph from

A

breast

45
Q

what do the pectoral, subscapular and humeral lymph nodes drain to

A

basal lymph nodes, draining to central, then apical, then thoracic duct

46
Q

what are the roots of the brachial plexus made up of and where are they located

A

C5-T1

between anterior and middle scalene muscles in root of neck

47
Q

what are the trunks of the brachial plexus and root combinations

A

superior - C5-6
middle - C7
inferior - C8-T1

48
Q

what are the divisions of the brachial plexus and where are they located

A

each trunk divides into ant and post cords

located immediately posterior to subclavian vessels in root of neck

49
Q

what is the lateral cord of the brachial plexus made up of

A

anterior divisions of superior and middle trunks

50
Q

what is the medial cord of the brachial plexus made up of

A

direct continuation of anterior inferior trunk

51
Q

what is the posterior cord of the brachial plexus made up of

A

posterior divisions of all 3 trunks

52
Q

the ulnar nerve comes from what cord

A

medial

53
Q

the musculocutaneous nerve comes from what cord

A

lateral

54
Q

the radial and axillary nerve comes from what cord

A

posterior

55
Q

the median nerve comes from what cord

A

formation of medial and lateral cords

56
Q

where do the cords of the brachial plexus lie

A

axillary artery, distal to first rib

57
Q

where does the ulnar nerve pass

A

posteriorly into medial of arm

58
Q

where does the musculocutaneous nerve go

A

enters coracobrachialis but also supplies biceps brachii and brachialis

59
Q

where do axillary and radial nerve pass

A

posterior compartment arm
axillary nerve superior andwraps around posterior surgical neck of humerus
radial nerve wraps round posterior mid shaft of humerus

60
Q

muscles of deltoid and action

A

posterior - extension shoulder
middle - adduction when >15
anterior - shoulder flexion

61
Q

action of trapezius

A

ascending - scapular depression
middle - retraction of scapula
descending - elevation of scapula
all together is sup rotation glenoid fossa

62
Q

action of levator scapulae

A

elevates scapula and inferior rotation of glenoif fossa

63
Q

action of rhomboid major/minor

A

retraction of scapula/inferior glenoid fossa rotation

64
Q

action of supraspinatus

A

stabilise head humerus

furst 15 degrees abduction

65
Q

action of infraspinatus

A

stabilise head humerus

lateral rotation of shoulder

66
Q

action of teres minor

A

stabilise head humerus

lateral rotation at shoulder

67
Q

action of subscapularis

A

stabilise head humerus

medial rotation of shoulder

68
Q

action of teres major

A

adduction/medial rotation at shoulder

69
Q

describe the movement of the scapula with superior rotation of shoulder

A

scapula is moved superiorly

this is to prevent impongement of greater tubercle and acromion

70
Q

distal insertions of the rotator cuff muscles

A

supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor - greater tubercle
subscapularis - lesser tubercle

71
Q

boundaries of the wquadrangular space?

A

tere minor
teres major
long head triceps
humerus

72
Q

what structures pass through the quadrangular space

A

axillar artery

circumflex humeral artery

73
Q

prox/distal attachments of the deltoid and its nervous innervation

A

lateral 1/3 clavicle and inferior scapular spine
deltoid tuberosity
axillary nevre

74
Q

sensory innervation to posterior aspect of the arm

A

medial - ant rami C8, T1, T2 via medial cutaneous nerve forearm, medial/posterior cutaneous nerves
lateral - ant rami C5 and C6

75
Q

describe how the arm is a common site for cardiac referred pain

A

intercostobrachial nerve and medial and posterior cutaneous nerves of arm and medial cutaneous nerve of forearm enter spinal cord at same point as cardiac sensory

76
Q

triceps brachii - attachments, nerve supply, action

A

attachments - infraglenoid tubercle, superior and inferior to radial groove humerus
form triceps tendon, inserting on olecranon process
radial nerve
weak extension of shoulder and extension at elbow

77
Q

what does the axillary nerve supply

A

deltoid

teres minor

78
Q

skin innervated by axillary nerve?

A

badge patch

79
Q

describe the route of the radial nerve

A

axilla to posterior arm where it is found in the radial groove of the humerus
supplies triceps brachii and leaves to enter lateral cubital fossa and returns to posterior forearm

80
Q

what posterior muscle of the forearm is counted but is not technically in the posterior compartment

A

brachioradialis, innervated by radial nerve

functions in flexion in semi pronated state

81
Q

nerve supply to posterior muscles of forearm

A

radial

82
Q

describe the deep branch of the radial nerve

A

radial nerve branches just anteiror to lateral epicondyle
passes into post compartment and winds round neck of radius and passes through supinator
renamed to posterior interosseous nerve and supplies posterior compartment of the forearm

83
Q

arterial supply to posterior compartment

A

posterior interosseous artery, branch of ulnar

84
Q

point of origin of the superficial muscles of the posterior forearm

A

lateral epicondyle

85
Q

point of origin for the deep muscles of the posterior forearm

A

radius, ulna and interosseous membrane

86
Q

superficial muscles of the posterior forearm

A 
brachioradialis 
extensor carpi radialis longus 
extensor carpi radialis brevis 
extensor digitorum 
extensor digiti minimi 
extensor carpi ulnaris
87
Q

deep muscles of the posterior forearm

A 
supinator 
extensor pollicis longus 
extensor pollicis brevis 
abductor pollicis longus 
extensor indicis
88
Q

function of extensor indicis?

A

extends index finger

89
Q

what muscles extend thumb

A

extensor pollicis longus/brevis

90
Q

what muscle abducts thumb

A

abductor pollicus longus

91
Q

what muscles extend wrist

A

extensor carpi ulnaris

extensor carpi radialis

92
Q

what muscles extend the digits

A

extensor digitorum

extensor digiti minimi

93
Q

what holds the extensor muscles/tendons in place

A

extensor retinaculum

MB2 Rheumatology and Orthopaedics (22 decks)

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