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MB2 Rheumatology and Orthopaedics > Upper limb anatomy > Flashcards

Upper limb anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

joints of upper limb?

A 
sternoclavicular 
acromioclavicular 
glenohumeral 
elbow 
proximal and distal radioulnar joints 
radiocarpal joint 
first CMC joint 
MCP joint 
PIP joint 
DIP joint
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2
Q

what is subluxation

A

partial dislocation

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3
Q

what is disclocation

A

where articular surfaces do not overlap at all

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4
Q

what ligaments does the elbow have

A

lateral (radial) collateral
medial (ulnar) collateral
annular

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5
Q

muscles of shoulder girdle?

A 
trapezius 
deltoid 
latissimus dorsi 
levator scapulae 
teres
pectoralis major and minor 
serratus anterior 
rhomboid major and minor 
rotator cuff
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6
Q

what is deltoid innervated by

A

axillary nerve

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7
Q

what is pectoralis major innervated by

A

medial pectoral and lateral pectoral

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8
Q

what is pectoralis minor innervated by

A

medial pectoral

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9
Q

what is serratus anterior innervated by

A

long thoracic

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10
Q

what is levator scapulae innervated by

A

dorsal scapular

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11
Q

what is rhomboid major and minor innervated by

A

dorsal scapular

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12
Q

what is teres innervated by

A

lower subscapular

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13
Q

what is latissimus dorsi innervated by

A

thoracodorsal

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14
Q

what is trapezius innervated by

A

accessory nerve

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15
Q

where are the rotator cuff muscles found

A

anterior, superior and posterior to shoulder and are stabilisers

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16
Q

what are the 4 rotator cuff muscles

A

supraspinous
infraspinous
teres minor
subscapularis

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17
Q

what artery, nerve and vein supplies anterior arm and what are the muscles in it and what does it do

A

brachial artery/vein and musculocutaneous
biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, brachialis
flexion of arm and forearm, biceps brachii supinates forearm

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18
Q

what artery, nerve and vein supplies posterior arm and what are the muscles in it and what does it do

A

profunda brachii artery (ulnar collateral) and vein and radial nerve
triceps brachii
extend arm and forearm

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19
Q

artery, vein, nerve and function of anterior forearm

A

radial/ulnar artery and venae comitantes
median and ulnar supplies flexor carpi ulnaris and medial half flexor digitorum profundus
flex wrist and digits, abduction/adduction wrist, pronate forearm

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20
Q

artery, vein, nerve and function of posterior forearm

A

interosseous artery and venae comitantes
radial nerve
extend wrist and digits, abduction/adduction wrist, supinate forearm

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21
Q

superficial muscles of anterior forearm

A

pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, palmaris longus

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22
Q

intermediate muscles of anterior forearm

A

flexor digitorum superficialis

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23
Q

deep muscles of anterior forearm

A

flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum profundus, pronator quadratus

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24
Q

superficial muscles of posterior forearm

A

brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor digitorum, anconeus

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25
deep muscles of posterior forearm
supinator, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor indicis, extensor pollicis longus, abductor pollicis longus
26
what artery and motor nerve supplies the hand
superficial (ulnar) and deep (radial) palmar arches | median and ulnar
27
what muscles are in thenar eminence and what nerve supplies them
abductor pollicis brevis flexor pollicis brevis opponens pollicis median
28
what muscles are in the hypothenar eminence and what nerve supplies them
abductor digiti minimi flexor digiti minimi opponens digiti minimi ulnar nerve
29
what do the dorsal/palmar interossei do and what innervates them
dorsal abducts digits and palmar adducts digits | ulnar nerve
30
what supplies medial palmar/dorsal hand, little finger and 1/2 ring finger
ulnar nerve (C8-T1)
31
what supplies lateral palmar hand and thumb, index, middle and 1/2 ring finger
median nerve (C6-C8)
32
what supplies dorsolateral hand
radial nerve (C6-C8)
33
what supplies anteromedial sensory supply to wrist
medial cutaneous nerve of forearm
34
what supplies anterolateral sensory supply to wrist
lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm
35
what supplies posterior sensory supply to wrist
posterior cutaneous nerve of forearm
36
describe carpal tunnel and contents
``` between carpal bones and flexor retinaculum median nerve flexor digitorum superficialis flexor digitorum profundus flexor pollicis longus ```
37
the axillary artery has a scapular anastomosis. what are the 3 branches
suprascapular dorsal scapular circumflex scapular
38
the axillary vein is a continuation of the ___ vein and becomes the axillary vein at ____
brachial vein | lower border of teres major
39
where can pulsations of the subclavian artery be palpated
where the artery crosses the first rib
40
what muscle forms a large part of the anterior wall of the axilla
pectoralis major
41
what muscle contributes to the posterior wall of the axilla
teres major
42
what do humeral lymph nodes receive lymph from
most of upper limb
43
what do subscapular lymph nodes get lymph from
scapular region
44
what do pectoral lymph nodes get lymph from
breast
45
what do the pectoral, subscapular and humeral lymph nodes drain to
basal lymph nodes, draining to central, then apical, then thoracic duct
46
what are the roots of the brachial plexus made up of and where are they located
C5-T1 | between anterior and middle scalene muscles in root of neck
47
what are the trunks of the brachial plexus and root combinations
superior - C5-6 middle - C7 inferior - C8-T1
48
what are the divisions of the brachial plexus and where are they located
each trunk divides into ant and post cords | located immediately posterior to subclavian vessels in root of neck
49
what is the lateral cord of the brachial plexus made up of
anterior divisions of superior and middle trunks
50
what is the medial cord of the brachial plexus made up of
direct continuation of anterior inferior trunk
51
what is the posterior cord of the brachial plexus made up of
posterior divisions of all 3 trunks
52
the ulnar nerve comes from what cord
medial
53
the musculocutaneous nerve comes from what cord
lateral
54
the radial and axillary nerve comes from what cord
posterior
55
the median nerve comes from what cord
formation of medial and lateral cords
56
where do the cords of the brachial plexus lie
axillary artery, distal to first rib
57
where does the ulnar nerve pass
posteriorly into medial of arm
58
where does the musculocutaneous nerve go
enters coracobrachialis but also supplies biceps brachii and brachialis
59
where do axillary and radial nerve pass
posterior compartment arm axillary nerve superior andwraps around posterior surgical neck of humerus radial nerve wraps round posterior mid shaft of humerus
60
muscles of deltoid and action
posterior - extension shoulder middle - adduction when >15 anterior - shoulder flexion
61
action of trapezius
ascending - scapular depression middle - retraction of scapula descending - elevation of scapula all together is sup rotation glenoid fossa
62
action of levator scapulae
elevates scapula and inferior rotation of glenoif fossa
63
action of rhomboid major/minor
retraction of scapula/inferior glenoid fossa rotation
64
action of supraspinatus
stabilise head humerus | furst 15 degrees abduction
65
action of infraspinatus
stabilise head humerus | lateral rotation of shoulder
66
action of teres minor
stabilise head humerus | lateral rotation at shoulder
67
action of subscapularis
stabilise head humerus | medial rotation of shoulder
68
action of teres major
adduction/medial rotation at shoulder
69
describe the movement of the scapula with superior rotation of shoulder
scapula is moved superiorly | this is to prevent impongement of greater tubercle and acromion
70
distal insertions of the rotator cuff muscles
supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor - greater tubercle subscapularis - lesser tubercle
71
boundaries of the wquadrangular space?
tere minor teres major long head triceps humerus
72
what structures pass through the quadrangular space
axillar artery | circumflex humeral artery
73
prox/distal attachments of the deltoid and its nervous innervation
lateral 1/3 clavicle and inferior scapular spine deltoid tuberosity axillary nevre
74
sensory innervation to posterior aspect of the arm
medial - ant rami C8, T1, T2 via medial cutaneous nerve forearm, medial/posterior cutaneous nerves lateral - ant rami C5 and C6
75
describe how the arm is a common site for cardiac referred pain
intercostobrachial nerve and medial and posterior cutaneous nerves of arm and medial cutaneous nerve of forearm enter spinal cord at same point as cardiac sensory
76
triceps brachii - attachments, nerve supply, action
attachments - infraglenoid tubercle, superior and inferior to radial groove humerus form triceps tendon, inserting on olecranon process radial nerve weak extension of shoulder and extension at elbow
77
what does the axillary nerve supply
deltoid | teres minor
78
skin innervated by axillary nerve?
badge patch
79
describe the route of the radial nerve
axilla to posterior arm where it is found in the radial groove of the humerus supplies triceps brachii and leaves to enter lateral cubital fossa and returns to posterior forearm
80
what posterior muscle of the forearm is counted but is not technically in the posterior compartment
brachioradialis, innervated by radial nerve | functions in flexion in semi pronated state
81
nerve supply to posterior muscles of forearm
radial
82
describe the deep branch of the radial nerve
radial nerve branches just anteiror to lateral epicondyle passes into post compartment and winds round neck of radius and passes through supinator renamed to posterior interosseous nerve and supplies posterior compartment of the forearm
83
arterial supply to posterior compartment
posterior interosseous artery, branch of ulnar
84
point of origin of the superficial muscles of the posterior forearm
lateral epicondyle
85
point of origin for the deep muscles of the posterior forearm
radius, ulna and interosseous membrane
86
superficial muscles of the posterior forearm
``` brachioradialis extensor carpi radialis longus extensor carpi radialis brevis extensor digitorum extensor digiti minimi extensor carpi ulnaris ```
87
deep muscles of the posterior forearm
``` supinator extensor pollicis longus extensor pollicis brevis abductor pollicis longus extensor indicis ```
88
function of extensor indicis?
extends index finger
89
what muscles extend thumb
extensor pollicis longus/brevis
90
what muscle abducts thumb
abductor pollicus longus
91
what muscles extend wrist
extensor carpi ulnaris | extensor carpi radialis
92
what muscles extend the digits
extensor digitorum | extensor digiti minimi
93
what holds the extensor muscles/tendons in place
extensor retinaculum

MB2 Rheumatology and Orthopaedics (22 decks)

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