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MB2 Rheumatology and Orthopaedics > Foot and ankle orthopaedics > Flashcards

Foot and ankle orthopaedics Flashcards

1
Q

what is hallux valgus

A

medial deviation of the 1st metatarsal and lateral deviation of the toe

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2
Q

what makes hallux valgus more common

A 
female 4x 
older age
familial 
inflammatory arthropathies 
RA
MS 
CP
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3
Q

conservative management of hallux valgus

A

wider, deeper accomodating shoes

spaces in first web space

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4
Q

surgical management of hallux valgus

A

osteotomies to realign bones

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5
Q

what is hallux rigidus and what is the conservative and surgical management

A

OA of 1st MTPJ
conservative - stiff sole shoe to limit MTPJ motion, removal of dorsal osteophytes
surgical - arthrodesis

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6
Q

what is the complication for women with surgical arthrodesis of hallux rigidus

A

cant wear high heels

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7
Q

what is mortons neuroma and who is it more common in

A

irritation and inflammation fo palmar interdigital nerves to form neuroma
more common in women and in high heel wearing

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8
Q

conservative and surgical management of mortons neuroma

A

conservative - metatarsal pad, steroid/anaesthetic injection
surgical excision with risk of recurrence and pain

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9
Q

true/false- to check for metatarsal stress fractures get an x ray

A

false - it might not show for 3 weeks, a bone scan might show faster

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10
Q

whos more likely to get a metatarsal fracture

A

runners, soldiers on prolonged march, dancer, prolonged walking in the inexperienced

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11
Q

risk factors for achilles tendonitis

A

ciprofloxacin
gout
RA
inflammatory arthropathies

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12
Q

true/false - manage achilles tendonitis with steriod injection

A

false - never do

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13
Q

management of achilles tendonitis

A

rest, physio, heel raise to offload tendon

resistant - decompression/resection

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14
Q

what predisposes achilles tendon rupture

A

achilles tendonitis

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15
Q

what is simmonds test

A

no plantarflexion of foot whilst squeezing calf

indicative of achilles tendon rupture

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16
Q

conservative and surgical management of achilles tendon rupture

A

suture repair with casting for 8 weeks. may cause problems if not healing
casting in equinous position for 8 weeks. closes tendon gap

17
Q

what is plantar fasciitis and what are the risk factors

A 
self limiting stress with pain on instep, plantar aponeurosis on distal plantar aspect of calcaneal tuberosity 
diabetes
obesity 
walking on hard floors 
poor cushioning
18
Q

managing plantar fasciitis

A

rest, stretching of achilles and plantar fascia

gel fill heal pad, steriod injection

19
Q

where is pes planus more common

A

ligament laxity

familial

20
Q

what issue may developmental flat footedness cause

A

tendonitis of tibialis posterior

21
Q

cause of acquired flat feet

A

tibialis posterior stretch/rupture
RA
diabetes with charcot foot

22
Q

what is pes cavus and what causes it

A 
abnormal high arched foot 
idiopathic 
CP 
polio
spina bifida 
hereditary sensory and motor neuropathy
23
Q

management of pes cavus

A

soft tissue release, tendon transfer if supple
rigid - calcaneal osteotomy
severe - arthrodesis

24
Q

claw toes have hyperflexion/hyperextension at MTPJ, hyperflexion/hyperextension at PIPJ and hyperflexion/hyperextension at DIPJ

A

hyperextension
hyperflexion
hyperflexion

25
Q

hammer toes have hyperflexion/hyperextension at MTPJ, hyperflexion/hyperextension at PIPJ and hyperflexion/hyperextension at DIPJ

A

hyperextension
hyperflexion
hyperextension

26
Q

what issues may arise from claw/hammer toes that can be managed conservatively

A

skin rubbing
toe sleeves
corn plasters

27
Q

surgical solutions for claw/hammer toes

A

tenotomy
tendon transfer
arthrodesis of PIPJ
amputation

28
Q

what does the tibialis posterior tendon function to do, what is the management for dysfunction

A

maintains medial arch, plantarflexion, inversion
medial arch splint
surgical decompression, tenosynovectomy

MB2 Rheumatology and Orthopaedics (22 decks)

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