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MB2 Rheumatology and Orthopaedics > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

what is the sarcolemma

A

muscle cells cell membrane

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2
Q

what is a fascicle

A

group of muscle fibres, muscle contains several of them

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3
Q

what is the epimysium

A

connective tissue surrounding entire muscle

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4
Q

what is the perimysium

A

connective tissue surrounding the fascicle

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5
Q

what is the endomysium

A

connective tissue covering one muscle fibre

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6
Q

what is a motor unit

A

one motor neuron and all muscle fibres it supplies

branches at muscle fibre NMJ

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7
Q

characteristics of type I muscle fibre

A

slow to contract
oxidative metabolism
fatigue resistant

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8
Q

characteristics of type II muscle fibre

A

fast contracting but still resistant to fatigue by oxidative metabolism

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9
Q

characteristics of IIB muscle fibre

A

anaerobic metabolism

fatigue easy but produce greater force

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10
Q

characteristics of cartilage

A

semi rigid
deformable
avascular
nutrition by diffusion through ECM

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11
Q

where are chondrocytes found and what do they do

A

lacuna in ECM

maintain ECM and have secretory function

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12
Q

most of cartilage ECM made up of?

A

water

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13
Q

besides water, what else is found in cartilage

A

proteoglycans

type II collagen

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14
Q

types of cartilage

A

hyaline
elastic
fibrocartilage

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15
Q

characteristics of bone

A

rigid

non-permeable

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16
Q

function of bone

A 
support 
lever for movement 
organ protection 
calcium storage 
haemopoiesis
17
Q

what is the diaphysis and what is it made up of

A

shaft of bone

cortical

18
Q

what is the epiphisis and what is it made up of

A

cancellous/trabecular bone

head of bone

19
Q

what is a haversian canal and where is it found

A

canal in cortical bone containing an osteocyte

20
Q

what is an osteoprogenitor cell

A

cell found on bone surface, reserve osteoblast

21
Q

what is an osteoblast

A

bone forming, secretes collagen, osteoid and proteoglycan that becomes mineralised

22
Q

what is an osteocyte

A

osteoblast trapped in bone matrix

23
Q

what is an osteoclast

A

cell responsible for bone resorption

24
Q

describe the process of remodelling

A

osteoclasts drill into bone and form tunnel
vessels grow with drilled hole and osteoblasts lay down new lamellar one
continues until haversian canal formed

25
Q

what is woven bone

A

collagen fibres deposited in haphazard way following heal from break
not as strong as lamellar bone and remodelled subsequently

MB2 Rheumatology and Orthopaedics (22 decks)

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