Upper Limb Anatomy 3 & 4 Flashcards
Name the muscles in the superficial group of the anterior forearm
- Pronator teres
- Flexor carpi radialis
- Palmaris longus
- Flexor carpi ulnaris
What are the superficial muscles of the anterior forearm attached to ?
The medial epicondyle of the humerus by the common flexor tenson
What are the actions of pronator teres?
Pronation and flexion of the forearm
What is the innervation of pronator teres?
Median n. (C6-7)
What are the actions of flexor carpi ulnaris?
- Flexion of the wrist
- Adduction of the wrist
What are the actions of flexor carpi radialis?
- Flexion of the wrist
- Abduction of the wrist
Which nerve innervates flexor carpi ulnaris?
Ulnar nerve
Which nerve innervates the superficial muscles of the anterior forearm (other than flexor carpi ulnaris)?
Median nerve
What is the main action of brachioradialis?
Flexion of the elbow in mid-pronated position
What is the innervation of the brachioradialis muscle?
Radial (C5,6 & 7)
Which fingers are the four tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis attached to?
Index, long, ring and small fingers (attached to middle phalanges)
What are the actions of the flexor digitorum superficialis?
Flexion of the wrist, metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints
What is the innervation of flexor digitorum superficialis?
Median n. (C7-T1)
Name the three deep muscles of the forearm
- Flexor digitorum profundus
- Flexor pollicis longus
- Pronator quadratus
What is the main action of flexor digitorum profundus?
Flexion of the wrist and finger joints
What is the innervation of the FDP?
- Medial half (little + ring fingers): Ulnar nerve
- Lateral half (Middle and index fingers): Median nerve
What is the action of flexor pollicus longus and what is its innervation?
- Long flexor of the thumb
- Median n. (anterior interosseus)
What is the action and innervation of pronator quadratus?
- Pronation of the forearm
- Median nerve
Which muscles of the forearm are not supplied by the median nerve?
- Flexor carpi ulnaris
- Medial half of flexor digitorum profundus
What are the two terminal branches of the brachial artery?
- Radial
- Ulnar
Name the borders of the carpal tunnel
- Roof: flexor retinaculum (fibrous band)
- Lateral border: scaphoid and trapezium
- Medial border: pisiform and hamate bones
Name the contents of the carpal tunnel
- Median nerve
- 4 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
- 4 tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis
- Tendon of flexor pollicis longus
Which muscle of the forearm is continuous with the palmar aponeurosis
Palmar longus
Name the five compartments of the hand which contain intrinsic muscles of the hand
- Thenar
- Hypothenar
- Adductor
- Central (lumbricals and long flexor tendons)
- Interosseous
Name the three thenar muscles of the hand
- Abductor pollicis brevis
- Flexor pollicis brevis
- Opponens pollicis
What is the action of the thenar muscles?
Apposition of the thumb
Which nerve innervates the thenar muscles?
Median (C6-8)
Name the hypothenar muscles
- Abductor digiti minimi
- Flexor digiti minimi
- Opponens digiti minimi
Which nerve innervates the hypothenar muscles?
Ulnar nerve (C8-T1)
Name the two heads of adductor pollicis
Transverse and oblique heads
Which nerve innervates adductor pollicis
Ulnar nerve
What is the action of adductor pollicis?
Adducts the thumb
From which tendon do the lumbricals originate?
Tendon of flexor digitorum profundus
What are the actions of the lumbricals?
- Flexion of the fingers at the metacarpophalangeal joint
- Extension at the interphalangeal joint of 2nd to 5th digits
What is the innervation of the lumbricals?
- Medial 2: ulnar nerve
- Lateral 2: median nerve
What is the action of the dorsal interossei?
Abduction of the fingers
What is the action of the palmar interossei?
Adduction of the fingers
What is the innervation of the interossei?
Ulnar (C8-T1)
Which two arteries supply all of the blood to the hand?
Ulnar and radial arteries
Which artery is the main contributor of the superficial palmar arch?
Ulnar
Which artery is the main contributor of the deep palmar arch?
Radial
Which muscles are the only intrinsic muscles of the hand not supplied by the ulnar nerve?
- Thenar muscles
- First and second lumbricals
Which branch of the brachial plexus gives rise to the ulnar nerve?
Medial
What type of joint is the wrist joint?
Condyloid/ellipsoid
Which movements are possible at the wrist joint?
- Flexion
- Extension
- Circumduction
- Adduction
- Abduction
What is the combined action of extensor and flexor carpi ulnaris muscle on the wrist joint?
Adduction of the wrist
Which muscles are responsible for abduction of the wrist joint?
- Abductor pollicis longus
- Flexor carpi radialis
- Extensor carpi radialis longus
- Extensor carpi radialis brevis
What is the action of most of the posterior compartment muscles of the forearm on the wrist joint?
Extension
Name the three muscles that extend and abduct or adduct the wrist
- Extensor carpi radialis longus
- Extensor carpi radialis brevis
- Extensor carpi ulnaris
Which muscles extend the medial four digits?
- Extensor digitorum
- Extensor indicis
- Extensor digiti minimi
What are the actions of extensor digitorum?
Extensor of the fingers and wrist
Name the muscles that extend or abduct the thumb
- Abductor pollicis longus
- Extensor pollicis brevis
- Extensor pollicis longus
Which nerve innervates all the muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm?
Radial
What is the nerve supply to the supinator muscle?
Radial nerve - deep branch
Which carpal bones can be felt in the anatomical snuff box?
Scaphoid and trapezium
Which artery lies on the floor of the snuff box?
Radial
What is the action of the EPL and EPB muscles?
Extension of the thumb
What is the action of the APL muscle?
Abduction of the thumb
Which muscles attach to the extensor hood of the hand?
Lumbricals, dorsal interossei and extensor digitorum
What is the innervation of the EPL, EPB and APL muscles of the thumb?
Radial
