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Musculo-skeletal > Orthopaedic Knee Conditions > Flashcards

Orthopaedic Knee Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

What are meniscii and what is their function?

A
  • Specialised C shaped cartilage

- Aid in force transition and increase stability

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2
Q

What are the two types of meniscal tear and what causes them?

A
  • Acute: twisting especially in deep flexion

- Degenerative: OA

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3
Q

How do meniscal tears present?

A
  • Pain
  • Clicking
  • Locking
  • Intermittent swelling
  • Joint effusion
  • Tender at point of tear
  • Mechanical block to movement
  • McMurrays and Thassaly’s test positive
  • Fail deep squat
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4
Q

Which investigations should be done for a meniscal tear?

A
  • XR

- MRI

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5
Q

How can a meniscal tear be treated?

A
  • Rest
  • NSAIDs
  • Physio
  • Arthroscopy
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6
Q

Describe the features of the ACL ligament

A
  • Runs from between the tibial eminences to the lateral wall of the intercondylar notch of the femur
  • Blood supply: middle geniculate artery
  • Innnervation: posterior articular nerve
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7
Q

How does an ACL tear present?

A
  • Heard a pop or a crack
  • Immediate swelling
  • Unable to continue playing etc. but can walk in a straight line
  • Deep pain
  • Effusion
  • Anterior draw
  • Lachmann’s test
  • Pivot shift
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8
Q

How can an ACL tear be investigated?

A
  • XR

- MRI

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9
Q

How can an ACL tear be treated?

A
  • Focused quadricep programme
  • ACL reconstruction +/- partial menisectomy +/- ligament repair or augmentation
  • Hamstring graft
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10
Q

What are the functions of the MCLs?

A
  • Superficial: primary restraint to valgus stress

- Deep: contributes in full knee extension

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11
Q

What causes an MCL tear?

A
  • Severe valgus stress

- Associated with: ACL and meniscal tears

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12
Q

How does a MCL tear present?

A
  • Heard a pop or a crack
  • Severe medial pain
  • Unable to continue playing
  • Bruising on medial knee
  • Localised swelling
  • Tender medial joint line and femoral insertion of MCL
  • Painful in full extension
  • Opening on valgus stress
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13
Q

How can an MCL tear be investigated?

A
  • XR

- MRI

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14
Q

How can a MCL tear be treated?

A
  • Rest
  • NSAIDs
  • Physio
  • Brace for comfort
  • Surgery to repair or reconstruct
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15
Q

What is osteochondritis dissecans and what are the two forms?

A
  • Pathological lesion affecting the articular cartilage and subchondral bone
  • Juvenile (growth plates still open) and adult
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16
Q

How does osteochondritis dissecans present?

A
  • Activity related pain
  • Recurrent effusions
  • Locking
  • Block to full movement
  • Localised tenderness
  • Stiffness
  • Wilson’s test
17
Q

How can osteochondritis dissecans be investigated?

A
  • XR

- MRI

18
Q

How can osteochondritis dissecans be treated?

A
  • Restricted weight bearing
  • ROM brace
  • Arthroscopy: subchondral drilling and fixation of loose fragment
  • Open fixation

Musculo-skeletal (27 decks)

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