Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Z Year 1 Anatomy > Upper Limb Anatomy 1.5 > Flashcards

Upper Limb Anatomy 1.5 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the joints like in upper limb?

A
  • The upper limb is jointed in a number of places along its proximal/distal acts
  • This arrangement gives limb considerable flexibility and adaptability in placing the hand
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the joints of the upper limb?

A
  • Sterno-claviciular joint (SCJ)
  • Acromio-clavicular joint (ACJ)
  • Gleno-Humeral joint (GHJ) (Shoulder joint)
  • Scapulo-thoracic joint (STJ) (sometimes referred to as a “virtual” or physiological” joint)
  • Elbow joint
  • Wirst joint
  • Numerous joints in the hand
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the sternocalvicular joint?

A
  1. One of the joints of the pectoral girdle
  2. Attaches the upper limb to the trunk
  3. Joint cavity divided by fibrous auricular disc
  4. Joint Stabilised with a number of ligaments
  5. Significant mobility during clavicle elevation and protraction/retraction of the scapula
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What sort of of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Synovial saddle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the sternoclavicular joint capable of accommodating?

A

the elevation of the lateral end of the clavicle as well as its anterior and posterior movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the acriomiocalvicular joint?

A
  1. A plane synovial joint between lateral end of clavicle and acromion process of scapula
  2. Incomplete wedge of fibrocartilage in the joint cavity
  3. Rotation and some vertical and anterior/posterior (A/P) movements
  4. Ligaments and muscles limit movements and stabilise the joint
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the scapulothoracic joint?

A
  • Movements of the scapula abasing posterior and lateral thoracic walls are the scapulothroacic joint movements
  • You have already encountered the scapulothoracic joint which is not a bony joint, but the term describes the way that the deep surface of the scapula and its covering muscles move on the chest wall.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What sort of joint is the scapulothoracic joint?

A

Not a true joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What type of joint is the shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint)

A

Ball and socket synovial joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint)?

A
  • Rounded humeral head articulates with gelnoid fossa of the scapula
  • Glenoid fossa (the socket) is shallow but slightly deepend by a cartilaginous labour (lip or rim)
  • Highly mobile joint with wide range of movement
  • Muscles required for joint stability (e.g. rotator cuff group)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the shallow hyaline cartilage line socket formed by?

A
  • the glenoid fossa
  • Itis slightly deepened by a rim of fibrocartilage, the glenoid labrum.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the head of the humerus

A
  • The hyaline cartilage covered head of the humerus is the rounded ball component of the joint.
  • The degree of stability that is predicted by the shape of the bones of the shoulder joint is minimal.
  • However, you will realize that this joint is stabilized by a number of muscles that hold the head of the humerus against the glenoid fossa.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the elbow joint?

A

Synovial joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the two main articulations of the elbow joints between?

A
  1. The distal end of humerus and proximal end of radius and ulna bones of the forearm
  2. The pair of condyles on the distal humerus are the hemispherical capitulum and the spool like trochlea. (This joint is limited to flexion and extension.)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the third elbow joints between?

A
  • The proximal ends of the radius and ulna, the proximal radioulnar joint.
  • This joint is included as being part of the elbow joint by some anatomists, while others consider a distinct joint.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What happens at the third elbow joint? What is this an example of?

A
  1. The radius is rotated at its head so the shaft crosses the ulna
  2. And the hand is rotated from the palm facing anteriorly to posteriorly.
  3. This and the opposite action are pronation and supination.
  4. This complex arrangement allows flexion and extension at the elbow joint irrespective of the degree of pronation and supination.
    - flexion and extension can occur at the same time as pronation and supination.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Want happens anteriorly at the elbow joint?

A
  1. Anteriorly, the distal end of the humerus has two fossa just superior to the condyles.
  2. When the forearm is fully flexed, the radial fossa accommodates the head of the radius and the coronoid fossa accommodates the ulnar coronoid process.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What happens at the posterior aspect of the elbow joint?

A
  1. On the posterior aspect of the elbow joint, the relatively deep olecranon fossa accommodates the olecranon process when the forearm is fully extended.
  2. The way the bones fit together at extension means that further extension is limited.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the wrist joint?

A

The wrist joint or radiocarpal joint is the articulation between the distal end of the radius and three of the proximal row of carpal bones, the scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What bone does not participate in the wrist bone?

A

The fourth bone of the proximal row of carpals, the pisiform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How is the distal end of the ulna involved in the wrist joint?

A

The distal end of the ulna does not strictly form part of the wrist joint but it articulates with the articular disc which in turn articulates with the carpals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the articular disc?

A
  • You will see in the MRI and X-ray that there is a larger gap visible between the distal ulna and the bones of the wrist.
  • This gap contains the articular disc which is not visible in X-ray and not obvious in this modality of MRI.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

When do the distal end of the radius and ulna articulate?

A

during pronation and supination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does the The margin of the disc-like head of the ulna articulate with?

A

a notch at the distal end of the radius which pivots round the ulna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How are the bones connected

A

The bones are connected by the fibrous particular disc which slides over the distal ulna during the pronation supination movements

26
Q

What are inter carpal joints?

A

The articulation between the carpal bones and proximal and distal rows and also between those within rows

27
Q

What are the carpal metacarpal joints?

A

the articulations between the distal row of carpal bones and the basis of the metacarpals

28
Q

What are the joints in wrist?

A

-synovial and mainly plane joints. -exception of the first carpal metacarpal joint, which is a saddle joint that allows the greater mobility required of the thumb.

29
Q

What are metacarpophalangeal joints? What type of joint are they?

A

-The articulations between the metacarpals and phalanges -These are the joints that are usually prominently visible as the knuckles. -They are synovial condylar joints that allow a wide range of movement. -Although like most joints, this is limited by ligaments.

30
Q

What are interphalangeal joints?

A

articulations between the phalanges

31
Q

What type of joints are interphalangeal joints?

A

-synovial hinge joints capable of flexion and extension only -Other movements are limited by tough ligaments, particularly the collateral ligaments which are the ligaments connecting the phalanges at the lateral and medial sites.

32
Q

Can muscles and limbs span more than one joint?

A

-A number of muscles in the limbs span more than one joint. -Typically, their main function is directed to one or other of the joints. -However, it must always be realized that any muscle spanning a joint is capable of acting on that joint. -Even if it is a minor contribution to the overall movement, or it is mainly stabilizing the joint rather than moving it.

33
Q

What are limb muscles divided into?

A

Compartments

34
Q

What defines a compartment?

A

-Compartments tend to have a distinct function -Compartments tend to have same nerve and blood supply -Compartments tend to be spirited by connective tissue septa (walls)

35
Q

What are the different compartments in the muscular anatomy of the upper limb? Which ones are flexors and which ones are extensors/>

A
  1. Pectoral girdle muscle 2. Intrinsic shoulder muscles 3. Anterior arm muscles - flexors 4. Posterior arm muscles - extensors 5. Anterior forearm muscles - flexors 6. Posterior forearm muscles - extensor 7. Intrinsic hand muscles
36
Q

What are the two muscle groups that act on the shoulder?

A
  1. Pectoral girdle muscles (anterior and posterior acid-appendicular muscles) 2. The intrinsic shoulder muscles (scapulohumeral muscles)
37
Q

Where do the muscles of the pectoral girdle act?

A

-Directly on t he scapula e.g. trapezes and serrates anterior muscles -Or across shoulder joint to move the arm -Indirectly on scapula by moving the whole humerus and scapula as a unit

38
Q

What muscles act directly not the scapula?

A

Pectoralis major and lattismus dorsi

39
Q

Describe the latissimus dorsi

A

has a wide proximal attachment, but includes attachment in the lumbar region of the back and the posterior pelvic region.

40
Q

What is the scapula bone mostly covered with?

A

muscle

41
Q

What is the scapula? What are these muscles used for?

A

-a hub for the attachment of muscles acting on the scapula itself or in the case of the intrinsic shoulder muscles, for muscles acting across the shoulder joints. -As well as acting to move the arm at the shoulder joint. -These muscles stabilize the joint by acting as a grip to hold the head of the humerus in the glenoid fossa.

42
Q

What is the deltoid muscle attached to? What is its function?

A

-Deltoid muscle has lateral and posterior attachments to the scapula, but also significant anterior attachment to the clavicle. -Deltoid and teres major muscles are significant movers of the arm.

43
Q

What are the three muscles in the flexor compartment of the arm and where do they act?

A

Coracobrachialis acts only across the shoulder joint Brachialis acts only across the elbow joint biceps brachii acts across both joints

44
Q

What are the movements of anterior arm muscles?

A

possible movements made by this compartment are flexion of the shoulder joint and flexion of the elbow.

45
Q

What is the bicep’s muscle function?

A

-Biceps contributes to the stability of the shoulder joint. -Note that the correct name for biceps muscle is biceps brachii, the biceps of the arm because there is another biceps muscle on the thigh, biceps femoris.

46
Q

Where does the bicep muscle attach?

A

-Biceps tendon attaches distally to the tuberosity of the radius -you will see in later activities that this allows the muscle to act as a strong supinator of of the forarm

47
Q

What is the main extensor?

A

triceps brachii

48
Q

How is the triceps brachia connected?

A
  1. Two of its three heads are attached on the posterior shaft of the humerus 2.Third head the long head spans the shoulder joint attaching to the infraglenoid tubercle, a small lump of bone just inferior to the glenoid fossa. 3. The fibers of all three heads converge distally to form the triceps tendon which attaches to the olecranon of the ulna.
49
Q

What is the anconeus?

A

Anconeus is clearly a small muscle that may contribute to extension of the elbow, but is believed to have more of a role in stabilizing the elbow

50
Q

Which part of the forearm is wider?

A

The proximal forearm is wider than the distal part

51
Q

How is the wrist controlled?

A

-In order to have greater length and strength, many of these muscles attach across the elbow joint on the distal humerus. -As a consequence, the wrist and hand are largely operated by remote control in the forearm. -The long tendons of the muscles allow wrist and digit movements unimpeded by bulky muscles near the joint.

52
Q

What are the two functional groups of muscles?

A
  1. flexors which are anterior 2. extensors which are posterior.
53
Q

What are the movers of the wrist?

A

Movers of the wrist are the carpi muscles, which act on either the ulnar; ulnaris, or radial; radialis sides of the forearm.

54
Q

What are the movers of the digits?

A

Movers of the digits can act on groups of digits, the digitorum muscles, or on individual digits.

55
Q

What does the term policies refer to?

A

Thumb, (aka pollux)

56
Q

How is index and ring finger described?

A

-Digiti minimi muscles act on the little finger -A muscle described as indices acts on the index finger.

57
Q

What is the thenar eminence?

A

formed in the lateral side of the palm by a number of small muscles that act on the palm

58
Q

What is the hypothenar eminence?

A

In the medial aspect of the palm, the hypothenar eminence is a group of small muscles that act on the little finger

59
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the hand?

A
60
Q

How do you name it all?

A
61
Q

What are exmpales of naming?

A

Z Year 1 Anatomy (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions