Upper Limb Flashcards
1
Q
Inferior angle of scapula lies over what rib or interspace?
A
7th rib or interspace
2
Q
Scapula: Infraspinous process and supraspinous fossa are separated by
A
Scapular spine
3
Q
Scapular spine projects laterally over the shoulder joint as the
A
Acromion
4
Q
Scapular spine projects anteriorly as ___________ from the upper border of the neck of the scapula
A
Coracoid process
5
Q
Subclavian vessels and trunk of brachial plexus pass behind what part of the clavicle
A
Medial third
6
Q
The hemispherical head of the humerus is separated from the greater and lesser tubercles by
A
Anatomical neck
7
Q
The shaft below the greater and lesser tubercles of the humeral head is called
A
Surgical neck of humerus
8
Q
Between the greater and lesser tubercles of humerus is the _________ for the attachment of long head of the biceps
A
Biccipital groove
9
Q
Deltoid tuberosity is present on the _______ aspect of humeral midshaft as the site of insertion of deltoid muscle
A
Lateral aspect of midshaft
10
Q
Articular surface of elbow joint for radial head
A
Capitellum
11
Q
Articular surface of elbow joint for olecranon fossa of ulna
A
Trochlea
12
Q
Above the trochlea is the ________ fossa anteriorly and _________ fossa posteriorly
A
Coronoid fossa anteriorly
Deeper olecranon fossa posteriorly
13
Q
Vertical line down the front of the humeral shaft on lateral radiograph is called ______ - bisects the capitellum
A
Anterio humeral line
14
Q
Hook shaped projection of bone that occasionally occurs about 5cm above the medial epicondyle and may be continuous with a fibrous band, the ligament of Struthers, attached above the epicondyle to form a foramen that transmits the median nerve and brachial artery
A
Supracondylar process
15
Q
Flexors of the forearm arise from the
A
Medial epicondyle of humerus
16
Q
Ossification of capitellum is at what year
A
1 -2 years
17
Q
Ossification of radial head is at what year
A
3-6 years
18
Q
Ossification of internal epicondyle is at what year
A
4 years
19
Q
Ossification of trochlea is at what year
A
8 years
20
Q
Ossification of olecranon is at what year
A
9 years
21
Q
CRITOE fuses at
A
17-18 years
22
Q
Ossification of external epicondyle is at what year
A
10 years
23
Q
Most distal part of radius
A
Radial styloid
24
Q
Radius is connected by ________ to ulna
A
Interosseous membrane
25
Triceps muscle is inserted to the
Tip of the olecranon
26
Square flat muscle that arises on the distal ulna and passes to the distal radius
Pronator quadratus
27
Wrist bone anterior to the surface of triquetral bones
Pisiform
28
The ________ is attached laterally to the scaphoid and the ridge of the trapezium, and medially to the pisiform and hook of hamate
It converts the arch of bones into the carpal tunnel, which conveys the flexors tendons of the fingers and thumb and the median nerve
Flexor retinaculum
29
Found on the dorsum of the wrist, attaches to the pisiform and triquetrum medially and the radius laterally
Extensor retinaculum
30
Carpal tunnel views are obtained by
Extending the wrist and taking an inferosuperior view that is centered over the anterior part of the wrist
31
First carpal bone to ossify
Capitate
32
Last carpal bone to ossify
Pisiform
33
Direction of ossification of wrist bones
Clockwise from capitate
34
Most mobile and least likely to fracture metacarpal bone
1st metacarpal bone
35
Metacarpal bone that has a styloid process extending from its base on the dorsal aspect
3rd metacarpal
36
What side of the hand is used for bone age
Left
37
Supernumerary bone found between scaphoid, trapezoid and capitate which may represent the tubercle of the scaphoid that has not fused with its upper pole
Os centrale
38
Supernumerary bone found on the lateral side of the scaphoid distal to the radial styloid
Os radiale externum
39
Tendons of the extensors of fingers are inserted into the
Base of the dorsum of the phalanges
40
Sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints are what type of joint
Synovial
41
Glenohumeral joint is what type
Ball and socket synovial
42
Contents of quadrilateral space
Circumflex humeral nerve and vessels
43
Long head of biceps is extra or intrasynovial and intra or extracapsular?!
Extrasynovial but intracapsular
44
Number of glenohumeral ligaments
3- anterior thickenings of capsule from upper part of glenoid to lesser tuberosity and inferior part of the head of humerus, and in the posterior capsule
45
Weak ligament of glenohumeral joint that is not supported by overlying muscles
Anterior and inferior parts
46
Ligament between greater and lesser humeral tuberosities
Transverse humeral ligament
47
Short muscles known as the rotator cuff muscles consist of
Subscapularis, infraspinatus, teres minor and supraspinatus
48
Longer muscles of shoulder include
```
Long head of biceps
Pectoralis major
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major
Deltoid muscles
```
49
What muscle passes on the superior aspect of the shoulder joint to the greater tuberosity of humerus where calcification occur owing to degenerative change
Supraspinatus muscle
50
What is the largest bursa in the body that separates supraspinatus muscle from acromion
Subacromial- subdeltoid bursa
51
The coracoacromial arch is composed of
Tip of the coracoid
Coracoacromial ligament
Acromion
Acromioclavicular articulation
52
Most common type of acromial shape
Type 1 curved
53
Least common acromial arch that produces symptomatic impingement of the supraspinatus tendon
Type 3 flat with marginal hook
54
Types of coracoacromial arch
Type 1 curved
Type 2 flat
Type 3 flat with a marginal hook
55
3 forms of bicipitolabral complex
Type 1- long head of biceps inserts to the osseous glenoid immediately above the labrum
Type 2- biceps tendon inserts to the superior surface of the labrum
Type 3- long head of biceps inserts into labrum to produce a meniscoid type insertion
56
What type of bicipitolabral complex insertion predisposes to superior labral tears
Type 3
57
Identified as a triangular structure in both the coronal and axial planes and is continuous with a fold of the joint capsule, the inferior glenohumeral ligament
Anteroinferior labrum
58
Injury at the anteroinferior labrum following anterior dislocation, with blunt trauma and traction stresses imposed by the inferior glenohumeral ligament may result in disruption of the labrum called
Perthe’s lesion
59
Disruption of anteroinferior labrum and associated bone
Bankaart lesion
60
Medialization of anteroinferior labrum beneath a rind of periosteum
ALPSA lesion (anterior labral periosteal sleeve avulsion)
61
Avulsion of the inferior glenohumeral ligament from humerus
HAGL injury (humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament
62
Superior stability of glenohumeral joint
Superior labrum, long head of biceps, joint capsule, supraspinatus tendon, subacromial bursa and structures of the coracoacromial arch
63
Posterior stability of glenohumeral joint
Angulation of osseous glenoid, posterior labrum, capsule, posterior tendons of rotator cuff, infraspinatus and teres minor
64
Anterior stability of glenohumeral joint
Labrum, capsule and its associated folds or glenohumeral ligaments, subscapularis muscle
65
Synovial hinge joint which incorporates the humeroulnar, humeroradial, and superior radioulnar joints as one cavity
Elbow joint
66
Medial thickenings of the elbow joint capsule
Radial and ulnar collateral ligaments
67
Ligament that surrounds the head of the radius and rotates within it. It is attached
Annular ligament
68
Elbow ossification centers occurs 1-2 years earlier in girls or boys?
Girls
69
What elbow fat pad is abnormally seen
Posterior fat pad
70
Responsible for medial elbow joint stability and resistance to valgus strain.
Ulnar collateral ligament
71
3 discrete tendon bundles of ulnar collateral ligament
Anterior, posterior, transverse
72
What bundle in the ulnar collateral ligament is the most important contributor to stability and is therefore most frequently injured
Anterior
73
Four components of lateral collateral ligament
Radial collateral ligament
Lateral ulnar collateral ligament
Annular
Accessory annular
74
Radial collateral ligament is responsible for
Lateral joint stability
75
Lateral ulnar collateral ligament is responsible for
Posterolateral stability
76
Annular and accessory annular ligaments are responsible for
Stability of proximal radioulnar joint
77
Short head of the biceps muscle arises from
Apex of coracoid
78
Long head of biceps arises from
supraglenoid tubercle
79
Triceps muscle lies in what compartment of the arm
Posterior
80
3 heads of triceps
Long head, lateral head, medial head
81
Long head of triceps arises from
Infraglenoid
82
Lateral head of triceps arises from
Lateral and posterior aspect of humerus
83
Medial head of triceps arises distally from
Medial and posterior aspects of the humerus
84
Commonest cause of elbow pain in adult population
Lateral epicondylitis or tennis elbow
85
Medial epicondylitis also known as
Golfer’s elbow
86
Nerve within the anteromedial soft tissues of the elbow
Median nerve
87
Nerve found anterior to the lateral epicondyle
Radial nerve
88
Nerve found within the cubital tunnel immediately posterior to the medial epicondyle
Ulnar nerve
89
Inferior radioulnar joint is what type of joint
Synovial pivot joint
90
Radiocarpal joint is what type of joint
Synovial
91
Articulates with the head of ulna, ulnar notch and upper surface of the articular disc ( triangular cartilage)
Inferior radioulnar joint
92
Articulates with the distal radius, distal surface of triangular cartilage and proximal surfaces of the scaphoid, lunate and triquetral bones
Radiocarpal joint
93
Repetitive wrist flexion and extension, particularly repetitive extension of the thumb
First extensor compartment syndrome (de Quervain’s tenosynovitis)
94
Second most commonly fractures bone or the wrist
Scaphoid
95
Proximla 70-80% of th scaphoid is supplied by
Dorsal branch of the radial artery
96
Fibro-osseous canal superficial to the flexor retinaculum, intimately related to both the pisiform and hook of hamate
Guyon’s canal
97
Guyon’s canal contain the
Ulnar nerve, artery and vein
98
Flexion deformity of DIP joint resulting from loss of extensor tendon continuity to the distal phalanx
Mallet finger
99
Caused by disruption or the central slip of extensor tendon combined with tearing of the triangular ligament on the dorsum of the misdle phalanx, allowing the lateral bands of the extensor tendon to slip below the axis of Aapup articulation
Extensor tendon injury: Boutonniere deformity
100
Avulsion of flexor digitorum profundus tendon from its insertion into the base of the distal phalanx
Jersey finger- flexor digitorum profundus tendon injury
101
What muscle covers the upper lateral aspect of the humerus
Deltoid muscle
102
Muscles that lie anterior to the humerus in its upper third
Flexors of the shoulder- coracobrachialis and biceps muscles
103
Muscles that lie anterior to the lower part of the humerus
Flexors of the elbow- brachialis and biceps muscles
104
Muscles that lies posterior to the humerus
Extensors of the elbow- triceps muscle
105
The neurovascular bundle of brachial artery, basilic vein and median nerve lies superficially, medial to the
Humerus
106
Upper limb receives its blood supply from
Subclavian artery
107
Subclavian artery has four branches namely
Vertebral artery
Thyrocervical trunk
Internal thoracic artery
Costocervical trunk
108
Subcalvian artery becomes the axillary artery at the
Outer border of first rib
109
Supplies the inferior thyroid, suprascapular and transverse cervical arteries
Thyroocervical trunk
110
Six arteries to the chest wall and shoulder
```
Superior thoracic artery
Acromiothoracic trunk
Lateral thoracic artery
Subscapular artery
Anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries
```
111
Brachial artery begins at the
Lower border of teres major
112
Branches of brachial artery
Profunda brachii srtery
Nutrient artery to the humerus
Muscular branches
Branches to the elbow joint
113
Larger and deeper than radial artery
Ulnar artery
114
Superficial veins of the upper limb
Cephalic, basilic, median veins
115
Veins in the dorsum of hand
Cephalic and basilic
116
Veins in the palmar side of hand
Median nerve
117
Cephalic vein is at what side
Radial side
118
Basilic vein is at what side
Medial side
119
Vein where cephalic and basilic veins meet
Median cubital vein
120
The neurovascular bundle of brachial artery, basilic vein and median nerve lies superficially, medial to the
Humerus
121
Upper limb receives its blood supply from
Subclavian artery
122
Subclavian artery has four branches namely
Vertebral artery
Thyrocervical trunk
Internal thoracic artery
Costocervical trunk
123
Subcalvian artery becomes the axillary artery at the
Outer border of first rib
124
Supplies the inferior thyroid, suprascapular and transverse cervical arteries
Thyroocervical trunk
125
Six arteries to the chest wall and shoulder
```
Superior thoracic artery
Acromiothoracic trunk
Lateral thoracic artery
Subscapular artery
Anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries
```
126
Brachial artery begins at the
Lower border of teres major
127
Branches of brachial artery
Profunda brachii srtery
Nutrient artery to the humerus
Muscular branches
Branches to the elbow joint
128
Larger and deeper than radial artery
Ulnar artery
129
Superficial veins of the upper limb
Cephalic, basilic, median veins
130
Veins in the dorsum of hand
Cephalic and basilic
131
Veins in the palmar side of hand
Median nerve
132
Cephalic vein is at what side
Radial side
133
Basilic vein is at what side
Medial side
134
Vein where cephalic and basilic veins meet
Median cubital vein
