Skeletal Trauma Flashcards
In cervical spine radiograph, line 1 pertains to the prevertebral soft tissue, it should be several mm from the first 3 or 4 vertebral bodies and then moves farther away at what level
level of laryngeal cartilage
from C3 or C4 to C7, prevertebral soft tissue line should be
less than one VB width from the anterior vertebral bodies and it should be smooth in contour
Line 2 in cervical spine radiograph wherein anterior osteophytes can enroach on this line, interruption of this line is a sign of serious injury
anterior vertebral bodies
Line 3 in cervical spine radiograph is
similar to anterior vertebral body line except that it connects the posterior vertebral bodies
Line 4 in cervical spine radiograph
connects the posterior junction of the lamina with the spinous processes and is called the spinolaminar line
spinal cord lies between what imaginary lines in cervical radiograph
lines 3 and 4
line in cervical radiograph that is not really a line so much as a collection of points– points being the posterior tips of the spinous processes
line 5
largest spinous process in cervical spine
C7
anterior arch of C1 should not be greater than __mm from the dens
2.5 mm
in children, anterior arch of C1 distance from the dens can be up to
5 mm
widened anterior arch of C1 from the dens means
disruption of transverse ligament between C1 and C2
3 component of degenerative disease
- osteophytosis,
- sclerosis,
- narrowing of disc space
a blow to the top of the head such when an object falls directly on the apex of the skull, can cause the lateral masses of C1 to slide apart (beyond that margins of C2 body), splitting the bony ring of C1. this is called
Jefferson fracture
fracture of C6 or C7 spinous process wherein the supraspinous ligaments attached to the spinous process undergo a tremendous force pulling on the spinous process and avulsing it
Clay-Shoveler’s fracture
unstable, serious fracture of the upper cervical spine that is caused by hyperextension and distraction. fracture of the posterior elements of C2 and usually, displacement of the C2 body anterior to C3
Hangman’s fracture
True or false: patients with hangman’s fracture often escape neurologic impairment because of the fractured posterior elements of C2 that, in effect, causes a decompression and takes pressure off the injured area
true
severe flexion of the cervical spine can cause a disruption of the posterior ligaments with anterior compression of a vertebral body, this is called
flexion “teardrop” fracture
flexion “teardrop” fx is commonly associated with ____, often from the posterior portion of the VB being displaced into the central canal
spinal cord injury
severe flexion associated with some rotation can result in rupture of the apophyseal joint ligaments and facet joint dislocation. this can result in locking of facets in an overriding position that, in effect, causes some stabilization to protect against further injury. this is called
unilateral locked facets
secondary to hyperflexion at the waist. this causes distraction of the posterior elements and ligaments and anterior compression fo VB. this is secondary to a VA, while restrained by a lap belt
seatbelt injury
seatbelt injury involves what levels
T12, L1 or L2 level
fracture of the posterior body is called ____, related to seatbelt fracture
Smith fracture
fracture through the spinous process is called ______, related to seatbelt fracture
Chance fracture
break or defect in the pars interarticularis portion of the lamina
spondylolysis
nose of Scottie dog
transverse process
eye of Scottie dog
pedicle
front leg of Scottie dog
inferior articular facet
ears of scottie dog
superior articular facet
neck of scottie dog
pars interarticularis
portion of the lamina that lies between the facets
pars interarticularis
if the Scottie dog has a collar around the neck, what is its implication
break in the pars interarticularis, denoting spondylolysis
if spondylolysis is bilateral and the VB in the more cephalad position slips forward on the more caudal body, this is said to be present
spondylolisthesis
wedge compression fracture that typically occurs 1 to 2 weeks after the initial trauma
Kummell disease
fracture at the base of the thumb into the carpometacarpal joint
Bennett fracture
tx of Bennett fracture
internal fixation
comminuted fracture of the base of the thumb that extends into the joint
Rolando fracture
fracture of the base of thumb that does not involve the joint has been called a
pseudo-Bennett fracture
avulsion injury at the base of the distal phalanx, where the extensor digitorum tendon inserts
Mallet finger of baseball finger
dense fibrocartilaginous band that covers the joint on the volar aspect and can get interposed in the joint once it is torn, often requiring surgical removal
volar plate