Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

Longest and strongest bone of the body

A

Femur

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2
Q

Femoral head is covered with cartilage apart from a central pit called _______, where the ligamentum teres is attached

A

Fovea

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3
Q

Blood supply of femoral head

A

Vessels in the cancellous bone from the shaft
Vessels in the capsule of the hip joint, which reach head in synovial folds along the neck
Negligible supply via the fovea from vessels in the ligamentum teres

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4
Q

Ridge posterior to the shaft of femur

A

Linea aspera

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5
Q

Line between greater and lesser trochanter located anteriorly

A

Intertrochanteric line

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6
Q

Posterior line between greater and lesser trochanter

A

Intertrochanteric crest

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7
Q

Lower end of femur is expanded into two prominent condyles united anteriorly as the patellar surface by separated posteriorly by

A

Deep intercondylar notch

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8
Q

Above the articular surface on the lateral side of femur is a small depression that marks the origin of what muscle

A

Popliteus muscle

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9
Q

Line along the inferior margin of the neck of the femur forms a continuous arc with the superior and medial margin of the obturator foramen of the pelvis is called ______
This line is disrupted in congenital dislocation of hip

A

Shenton’s line

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10
Q

Sesamoid bone called _______ is frequently seen in lateral head of gastrocnemius muscle.
On radiographs, this is projected on the posterior aspect of the lateral femoral condyle

A

Fabella

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11
Q

What specific type of femoral neck fracture disrupts blood supply in the head of femur which leads to ischemic necrosis

A

Subcapital fracture

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12
Q

Sesamoid bone in the quadriceps tendon that continuous at its apex as the ligamentum patellae

A

Patella

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13
Q

Wiberg type of patella in which the medial and lateral articular facets are equal in size and dimension

A

Type 1

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14
Q

Type of patella in which the lateral facet is slightly larger than the medial facet

A

Type 2

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15
Q

Type of patella in which lateral facet is dominant and medial facet is atretic and redundant

A

Type 3

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16
Q

Patellofemoral alignment is routinely achieved using what position

A

Skyline position

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17
Q

Patellofemoral tracking is best achieved in this view, in weightbearing and in varying degrees of flexion and extension

A

Merchant view

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18
Q

Prominent oblique ridge in the posterior surface of the tibial shaft

A

Soleal line

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19
Q

Mainly a site of origin of muscles in the leg and has no weightbearing function

A

Fibula

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20
Q

Insertion of biceps femoris

A

Head of fibula with styloid process

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21
Q

Calcaneofibular ligament is attached to its tip

A

Lateral malleolus

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22
Q

Fibula is proportionately thicker in adults or children?

A

Children

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23
Q

Superior articular surface of talus

A

Trochleae surface

24
Q

Neck groove of talus

A

Sulcus tali

25
Q

Sulcus tali and sulcus calcanei forms the

A

Sinus tarsi

26
Q

Head of talus articulates with

A

Navicular

27
Q

Inferior surface of talus has a large facet posteriorly for articulation with

A

Calcaneus

28
Q

True or false: talus has no muscular attachment

A

True

29
Q

Largest tarsal bone

A

Calcaneus

30
Q

Calcaneus is irregularly cuboidal in shape with a shelf-like process anteromedially to support the talus, known as the

A

Sustentaculum tali

31
Q

Medial arch of foot is formed by the

A

Calcaneus, talus, cuneiforms and first 3 metatarsal bones

32
Q

Lateral arch of foot is formed by the

A

Calcaneus, cuboid and fourth to fifth metatarsals

33
Q

Angle between a line drawn from the posterior end to anterior end of its superior articular facet and a second line from the latter point to the posterosuperior border of calcaneus

A

Boehler’s critical angle

34
Q

Normal Boehler’s angle

A

30-35 degrees

35
Q

Measured on lateral radiograph of calcaneus between calcaneal tuberosity posteroinferiorly and skin surface

A

Heel pad thickness

36
Q

Normal thickness of heel-pad thickness

A

21 mm in females

23 mm in males

37
Q

Tendon that is attached to the styloid process of base of fifth metatarsal

A

Peroneus brevis tendon

38
Q

Angle measured between a line along the inferior border of the os calcis and a line along the inferior border of the first metatarsal

A

Medial longitudinal arch angle

39
Q

Medial longitudinal arch normally measures

A

115 to 125 degrees

40
Q

Medial longitunal arch angle measurement which is a marker of pes cavus and posterior column neurological insult

A

Greater than 125 degrees

41
Q

Medial longitudinal arch angle measurement of _____ is a marker of pes planus and in the aquired form is usually a marker of disruption of aponeurosis or tibialis posterior tendon

A

Less than 125 degrees

42
Q

Calcanum and talus ossify in what month

A

6th fetal month

43
Q

Tarsal bone ossified at birth

A

Cuboid

44
Q

Cuneiforms and navicular ossify when

A

Between 1 and 3 years of age

45
Q

Approximately 90% of tarsal coalitions involve the

A

Talocalcaneal or calcaneonavicular joints

46
Q

Horseshoe shaped articular surface on acetabulum, deepened by the acetabular labrum

A

Fovea

47
Q

An anterior thickening of the capsule between the anteroinferior iloac spine and rhe neck of the femur to the intertrochanteric line

A

Iliofemoral ligament

48
Q

Posterior thickening of the hip capsule

A

Ischiofemoral ligament

49
Q

Thickening of the hip capsule inferiorly

A

Pubofemoral ligament

50
Q

Bridges the acetabular notch

A

Transverse acetabular ligament

51
Q

Lies between the central non-articular part of the acetabulum and the fovea of the head of femur

A

Ligamentum teres

52
Q

Acetabular angle is normally

A

15 to 35 degrees

53
Q

Iliac angle is normally

A

44-74 degrees

54
Q

Line along the inferior margin of the femoral neck and along the superior and lateral margins of rhe obturator foramen of the pelvis

A

Shenton’s line

55
Q

Continuation of the superior margin of superior pubic ramus superiorly forms the

A

Iliopectineal line

56
Q

Visualization of the anterior or posterior margins of the acetabulum may be enhanced by

A

Oblique or judet view