Lower Limb Flashcards
Longest and strongest bone of the body
Femur
Femoral head is covered with cartilage apart from a central pit called _______, where the ligamentum teres is attached
Fovea
Blood supply of femoral head
Vessels in the cancellous bone from the shaft
Vessels in the capsule of the hip joint, which reach head in synovial folds along the neck
Negligible supply via the fovea from vessels in the ligamentum teres
Ridge posterior to the shaft of femur
Linea aspera
Line between greater and lesser trochanter located anteriorly
Intertrochanteric line
Posterior line between greater and lesser trochanter
Intertrochanteric crest
Lower end of femur is expanded into two prominent condyles united anteriorly as the patellar surface by separated posteriorly by
Deep intercondylar notch
Above the articular surface on the lateral side of femur is a small depression that marks the origin of what muscle
Popliteus muscle
Line along the inferior margin of the neck of the femur forms a continuous arc with the superior and medial margin of the obturator foramen of the pelvis is called ______
This line is disrupted in congenital dislocation of hip
Shenton’s line
Sesamoid bone called _______ is frequently seen in lateral head of gastrocnemius muscle.
On radiographs, this is projected on the posterior aspect of the lateral femoral condyle
Fabella
What specific type of femoral neck fracture disrupts blood supply in the head of femur which leads to ischemic necrosis
Subcapital fracture
Sesamoid bone in the quadriceps tendon that continuous at its apex as the ligamentum patellae
Patella
Wiberg type of patella in which the medial and lateral articular facets are equal in size and dimension
Type 1
Type of patella in which the lateral facet is slightly larger than the medial facet
Type 2
Type of patella in which lateral facet is dominant and medial facet is atretic and redundant
Type 3
Patellofemoral alignment is routinely achieved using what position
Skyline position
Patellofemoral tracking is best achieved in this view, in weightbearing and in varying degrees of flexion and extension
Merchant view
Prominent oblique ridge in the posterior surface of the tibial shaft
Soleal line
Mainly a site of origin of muscles in the leg and has no weightbearing function
Fibula
Insertion of biceps femoris
Head of fibula with styloid process
Calcaneofibular ligament is attached to its tip
Lateral malleolus
Fibula is proportionately thicker in adults or children?
Children
Superior articular surface of talus
Trochleae surface
Neck groove of talus
Sulcus tali
Sulcus tali and sulcus calcanei forms the
Sinus tarsi
Head of talus articulates with
Navicular
Inferior surface of talus has a large facet posteriorly for articulation with
Calcaneus
True or false: talus has no muscular attachment
True
Largest tarsal bone
Calcaneus
Calcaneus is irregularly cuboidal in shape with a shelf-like process anteromedially to support the talus, known as the
Sustentaculum tali
Medial arch of foot is formed by the
Calcaneus, talus, cuneiforms and first 3 metatarsal bones
Lateral arch of foot is formed by the
Calcaneus, cuboid and fourth to fifth metatarsals
Angle between a line drawn from the posterior end to anterior end of its superior articular facet and a second line from the latter point to the posterosuperior border of calcaneus
Boehler’s critical angle
Normal Boehler’s angle
30-35 degrees
Measured on lateral radiograph of calcaneus between calcaneal tuberosity posteroinferiorly and skin surface
Heel pad thickness
Normal thickness of heel-pad thickness
21 mm in females
23 mm in males
Tendon that is attached to the styloid process of base of fifth metatarsal
Peroneus brevis tendon
Angle measured between a line along the inferior border of the os calcis and a line along the inferior border of the first metatarsal
Medial longitudinal arch angle
Medial longitudinal arch normally measures
115 to 125 degrees
Medial longitunal arch angle measurement which is a marker of pes cavus and posterior column neurological insult
Greater than 125 degrees
Medial longitudinal arch angle measurement of _____ is a marker of pes planus and in the aquired form is usually a marker of disruption of aponeurosis or tibialis posterior tendon
Less than 125 degrees
Calcanum and talus ossify in what month
6th fetal month
Tarsal bone ossified at birth
Cuboid
Cuneiforms and navicular ossify when
Between 1 and 3 years of age
Approximately 90% of tarsal coalitions involve the
Talocalcaneal or calcaneonavicular joints
Horseshoe shaped articular surface on acetabulum, deepened by the acetabular labrum
Fovea
An anterior thickening of the capsule between the anteroinferior iloac spine and rhe neck of the femur to the intertrochanteric line
Iliofemoral ligament
Posterior thickening of the hip capsule
Ischiofemoral ligament
Thickening of the hip capsule inferiorly
Pubofemoral ligament
Bridges the acetabular notch
Transverse acetabular ligament
Lies between the central non-articular part of the acetabulum and the fovea of the head of femur
Ligamentum teres
Acetabular angle is normally
15 to 35 degrees
Iliac angle is normally
44-74 degrees
Line along the inferior margin of the femoral neck and along the superior and lateral margins of rhe obturator foramen of the pelvis
Shenton’s line
Continuation of the superior margin of superior pubic ramus superiorly forms the
Iliopectineal line
Visualization of the anterior or posterior margins of the acetabulum may be enhanced by
Oblique or judet view
