UPPER LIMB Flashcards
name the carpal bones
Scaphoid Lunate Triquetrum Pisiform Hamate Capitate Trapezoid Trapezium
“Straight Line To Pinky, Here Comes The Thumb”
What forms the carpal tunnel
flexor retinaculum = roof
- connected to hook of hamate and trapezium
- floor is formed by carpal bones
Contents of carpal tunnel
4 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
4 tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis
1 tendon of flexor pollicis longus
median nerve
test the movement of the scapulo-thoracic joint
Ask patient to sit on edge of the bed and copy your movements.
- shrug the shoulders (elevation)
- bring down shoulders (depression)
- bring shoulders forward like slouching (protraction)
- bring shoulders back like puffing chest out (retraction)
Test the movement of the glenohumeral joint
Ask patient to sit on edge of the bed and copy your movements.
- adduction
- extension
- abduction
- flexion
- circumduction
what type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?
ball and socket synovial
what type of joint is the scapulo-thoracic joint?
physiological
what type of joint is the elbow joint?
synovial hinge joint
test the movement of the elbow joint
stabilise the elbow by holding proximal to the joint and ask the patient to bring their forearm towards them (flexion) and away from them (extension)
- elbow only moves in 1 plane!
test the movement of the proximal and distal radio-ulnar joints
ask the patient to hold out their arm and turn palm to the floor (pronate) and to the sky (supinate)
test the movement of the wrist joint
stabilise the patients forearm and hold its weight while you ask them to copy you
- extend
- flex
- radial deviation (wave up)
- ulnar deviation (wave down)
test the movement of the metacarpophalangeal joints
(knuckles) stabilise the patients hand and ask the to copy your movements - flexion - extension - abduction - adduction - circumduction
test the movements of the carpometacarpal joints of the thumb
stabilise the joint and ask patient to copy you
- flexion
- extension
- opposition(thumb to pinky)
- abduction
- adduction
Test the interphalangeal joints
stabilise the joint and test flexion and extension
innervation of pectoralis major
medial and lateral pectoral nerves
test the function of pectoralis major
ask patient to flex the elbow and raise their arm to the level of their shoulder (chicken wing) while you resist them and palpate pec major
innervation of sternocleidomastoid muscle
accessory nerve (CN 11)
innervation of Trapezius muscle
accessory nerve (CN 11)
innervation of serratus anterior muscle
long thoracic nerve
test the function of trapezius
ask patient to shrug their shoulders as you resist and palpate
test the function of sternocleidomastoid
ask patient to turn their head as you resist with back of your hand and palpate the ipsilateral SCM - repeat
test the function of serratus anterior
ask patient to push their arm out as far as they can while you resist them and palpate the muscle under the arm
innervation of the deltoid muscle
axillary nerve
test the function of the deltoid
ask patient to raise arm flexd at elbow against resistance as you palpate the deltoid
innervation of the rotator cuff muscles
teres minor - axillary
infraspinatous - suprascapular nerve
supraspinatour - suprascapular nerve
subscapularis - subscapular nerve
test the function of the intrinsic shoulder muscles
for lateral rotation and abduction - ask patient to put their hands behind their neck while you resist at the biceps and palpate the rotator cuff muscles
for medial rotation, adduction and retraction - as patient to put hands behind their back as far up as possible while you resist at the arm and palpate the rotator cuff muscles
test the function of biceps brachii
ask patient to flex the elbow while you resist at the forearm and stabilise the elbow (flexion)
then ask patient to turn wrist outwards while you resist them and stabilise the elbow joint (supination)
innervation of biceps brachii
musculocutaneous
innervation of triceps brachii
radial nerve
test the function of triceps brachii
ask patient to extend elbow while you resist at the forearm and stabilise the elbow
