UPPER LIMB

Question 1

name the carpal bones

Answer 1

Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform
Hamate
Capitate
Trapezoid
Trapezium 

“Straight Line To Pinky, Here Comes The Thumb”

Question 2

What forms the carpal tunnel

Answer 2

flexor retinaculum = roof

• connected to hook of hamate and trapezium
• floor is formed by carpal bones

Question 3

Contents of carpal tunnel

Answer 3

4 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
4 tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis
1 tendon of flexor pollicis longus
median nerve

Question 4

test the movement of the scapulo-thoracic joint

Answer 4

Ask patient to sit on edge of the bed and copy your movements.

• shrug the shoulders (elevation)
• bring down shoulders (depression)
• bring shoulders forward like slouching (protraction)
• bring shoulders back like puffing chest out (retraction)

Question 5

Test the movement of the glenohumeral joint

Answer 5

Ask patient to sit on edge of the bed and copy your movements.

• adduction
• extension
• abduction
• flexion
• circumduction

Question 6

what type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 6

ball and socket synovial

Question 7

what type of joint is the scapulo-thoracic joint?

Answer 7

physiological

Question 8

what type of joint is the elbow joint?

Answer 8

synovial hinge joint

Question 9

test the movement of the elbow joint

Answer 9

stabilise the elbow by holding proximal to the joint and ask the patient to bring their forearm towards them (flexion) and away from them (extension)
- elbow only moves in 1 plane!

Question 10

test the movement of the proximal and distal radio-ulnar joints

Answer 10

ask the patient to hold out their arm and turn palm to the floor (pronate) and to the sky (supinate)

Question 11

test the movement of the wrist joint

Answer 11

stabilise the patients forearm and hold its weight while you ask them to copy you

• extend
• flex
• radial deviation (wave up)
• ulnar deviation (wave down)

Question 12

test the movement of the metacarpophalangeal joints

Answer 12

(knuckles) 
stabilise the patients hand and ask the to copy your movements 
- flexion
- extension 
- abduction
- adduction
- circumduction

Question 13

test the movements of the carpometacarpal joints of the thumb

Answer 13

stabilise the joint and ask patient to copy you

• flexion
• extension
• opposition(thumb to pinky)
• abduction
• adduction

Question 14

Test the interphalangeal joints

Answer 14

stabilise the joint and test flexion and extension

Question 15

innervation of pectoralis major

Answer 15

medial and lateral pectoral nerves

Question 16

test the function of pectoralis major

Answer 16

ask patient to flex the elbow and raise their arm to the level of their shoulder (chicken wing) while you resist them and palpate pec major

Question 17

innervation of sternocleidomastoid muscle

Answer 17

accessory nerve (CN 11)

Question 18

innervation of Trapezius muscle

Answer 18

accessory nerve (CN 11)

Question 19

innervation of serratus anterior muscle

Answer 19

long thoracic nerve

Question 20

test the function of trapezius

Answer 20

ask patient to shrug their shoulders as you resist and palpate

Question 21

test the function of sternocleidomastoid

Answer 21

ask patient to turn their head as you resist with back of your hand and palpate the ipsilateral SCM - repeat

Question 22

test the function of serratus anterior

Answer 22

ask patient to push their arm out as far as they can while you resist them and palpate the muscle under the arm

Question 23

innervation of the deltoid muscle

Answer 23

axillary nerve

Question 24

test the function of the deltoid

Answer 24

ask patient to raise arm flexd at elbow against resistance as you palpate the deltoid

Question 25

innervation of the rotator cuff muscles

Answer 25

teres minor - axillary
infraspinatous - suprascapular nerve
supraspinatour - suprascapular nerve
subscapularis - subscapular nerve

Question 26

test the function of the intrinsic shoulder muscles

Answer 26

for lateral rotation and abduction - ask patient to put their hands behind their neck while you resist at the biceps and palpate the rotator cuff muscles

for medial rotation, adduction and retraction - as patient to put hands behind their back as far up as possible while you resist at the arm and palpate the rotator cuff muscles

Question 27

test the function of biceps brachii

Answer 27

ask patient to flex the elbow while you resist at the forearm and stabilise the elbow (flexion)

then ask patient to turn wrist outwards while you resist them and stabilise the elbow joint (supination)

Question 28

innervation of biceps brachii

Answer 28

musculocutaneous

Question 29

innervation of triceps brachii

Answer 29

radial nerve

Question 30

test the function of triceps brachii

Answer 30

ask patient to extend elbow while you resist at the forearm and stabilise the elbow