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Y2 OSPE > LOWER LIMB > Flashcards

LOWER LIMB Flashcards

1
Q

test the movement of the hip joint

A 
Ask patient to stand 
lift knee up - flex
down again - ex
adduction
abduction
circumduction
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2
Q

assess the movement of the knee joint

A

ask patient to bend knee back and then bring it back to normal position (flex and exts), foot planted on ground turning knee L and R (limited rotation)

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3
Q

Test movement of the ankle joint

A

ask patient to raise the toes (dorsiflexion)

and point toes (planter flexion)

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4
Q

Test the movement of the talo-calcaneal joints

A 
ask patient to turn sole of foot inwards (inversion) 
and outwards (eversion)
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5
Q

Test movement of the metatarsal phalangeal joints

A

ask the patient to flex and extend their toes

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6
Q

Test the function of the gluteus medius muscle

A

ask the patient to lie on their side on the couch and abduct their leg upwards against resistance - palpate the muscle

Trendelenburg test - ask patient to stand up straight and lift one leg - observe level of iliac crest (drooping will occur on opposite side if gluteus medius and minimus are paralysed)

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7
Q

innervation of gluteus medius

A

superior gluteal nerve

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8
Q

innervation of gluteus maximus

A

inferior gluteal nerve

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9
Q

innervation of iliopsoas

A

femoral nerve

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10
Q

action of iliopsoas

A

flexion and lateral rotation of the thigh

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11
Q

innervation of quadriceps

A

femoral nerve

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12
Q

what muscles make up the quadriceps group

A

vastus medialis + intermedius + lateralis + rectus femoris

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13
Q

test the function of the qauds

A

ask patient to sit on the edge of the bed and extend their leg against resistance while you palpate the muscles of the thigh

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14
Q

innervation of the adductors of the thigh

A

obturator nerve

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15
Q

test the function of the adductors of the thigh

A

ask patient to lie down on their side - lift their leg to abducted position and ask them to adduct against resistance while you palpate their inner thigh

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16
Q

innervation of the hamstrings

A

sciatic nerve

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17
Q

test the function of the hamstrings

A

ask patient to lie on their front - ask them to bend their leg at the knee against resistance while you palpate the back of the thigh

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18
Q

innervation of tibialis anterior

A

deep peroneal nerve

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19
Q

test the function of the anterior leg compartment muscles

A

ask subject to dorsiflex the foot (lift toes up) as you resist and stabilise the ankle joint

20
Q

what is the action of the fibular compartment muscles?

A

eversion of the foot (sole outwards)

21
Q

innervation of the fibular compatment of the leg

A

peroneal nerve

22
Q

innervation of the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg

A

tibial nerve

23
Q

test the function of the calf muscles

A

ask patient to plantar flex the foot (point toes) while sitting or lying down while you resist and palpate bellies of gastrocnemius

24
Q

nerve roots of sciatic nerve

A

L4 L5 S1 S2 S3

25
Q

surface mark the sciatic nerve

A

curve between midpoint of PSIS and ischial tuberosity –> travels down half way between ischial tuberosity and greater trochanter –> then travels in straight line to popliteal fossa

26
Q

test the motor function of the sciatic nerve

A

ask patient to flex the knee against resistance

27
Q

test the motor function of the gluteal nerve

A

ask patient to abduct their thigh against resistance

28
Q

test the motor function of the femoral nerve

A

ask patient to extend knee against resistance

29
Q

femoral nerve roots

A

L2 L3 L4

30
Q

test the motor function of the obturator nerve

A

ask patient to adduct thighs against resistance

31
Q

obturator nerve roots

A

L2 L3 L4

32
Q

test the motor function of the superficial peroneal nerve

A

ask patient to evert their foot (soles out)

33
Q

test the motor funtion of the deep peroneal nerve

A

ask patient to dorsiflex the foot

34
Q

demonstrate the dermatomes of the lower limb

A

L1 groin, L2 mid thigh, L3 knee, L4 inner leg to floor, L5 outer leg to mid foot, S1 outer foot and ankle, S2 calf and back of thigh

35
Q

test the patellar tendon reflex

A

ask patient to sit on edge of the bed - strike their patellar tendon with the hammer

36
Q

nerve root responsible for patellar reflex

A

L4

37
Q

test the achilles tendon reflex

A

ask patient to lie on their front and completely relax their legs - dorsiflex the patients foot slightly and strike the achilles tendon

38
Q

nerve root responsible for achilles tendon reflex

A

S1

39
Q

where would you feel the femoral pulse?

A

tips of finger feel at midway between ASIS and pupic symphysis

40
Q

where would you feel the popliteal pulse?

A

midline in the inferior part of the popliteal fossa while knee is flexed to relax hamstring

41
Q

palpate the dorsalis pedis pulse

A

dorsum of foot in first intermetatarsal space just lateral to extensor digitorum hallucis tendon

42
Q

palpate the posterior tibial artery pulse

A

behind and below the medial malleolus

43
Q

surface mark the long saphenous vein

A

the vein extends up the medial side of the lower limb, passing anteriorly to medial malleolus - drains into femoral vein at the femoral triangle immediately inferior to the inguinal ligament

44
Q

surface mark the short saphenous vein

A

passes posteriorly to the lateral mallelous and along lateral border of calcaneal tendon –> passes up to popliteal fossa where it drains into the popliteal vein

45
Q

define the gluteal safe area

A

superior lateral region of gluteal space - heel of hand at greater trochanter of femur - index finger at ASIS andrest of fingers along iliac crest

46
Q

boundaries of the popliteal fossa

A 
(diamond shape) 
superomedially: semimembranosus
Superolaterally: biceps femoris
Inferomedilly: gostrocnemius (med head) 
Inferolaterally: gastrocnemius (lat head)

Y2 OSPE (8 decks)

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