Upper Limb 4

Question 1

What is the action of the extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis on the wrist joint

Answer 1

They both extend and abduct the wrist joint

Question 2

Muscles that extend and abduct or adduct the hand at the wrist joint

Answer 2

• extensor carpi radialis longus
• extensor carpi radialis brevis
• extensor carpi ulnaris

Question 3

Where does the extensor digitorum originate

Answer 3

The common extensor origin - lateral epicondyle

Question 4

Which muscles extend or abduct the thumb

Answer 4

• abductor pollicis longus
• extensor pollicis brevis
• extensor pollicis brevis

Question 5

Which nerve innervates all the muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm

Answer 5

Radial nerve

Question 6

Action of the brachioradialis

Answer 6

Flexion of the elbow

Question 7

Which muscles originate from the lateral epicondyle

Answer 7

• extensor carpi radialis brevis
• extensor carpi ulnaris
• extensor digitorum
• extensor digiti mimimi
• aconeus muscle

Question 8

Name the muscles that extend the medial 4 digits

Answer 8

• extensor digitorum
• extensor indicis
• extensor digiti minimi

Question 9

What is the nerve supply to the supinator

Answer 9

Radial (deep branch)

Question 10

Where does the radial nerve divide and what does it divide into

Answer 10

Superficial and deep branches in the cubital fossa

Question 11

What is the other name for the deep branch of the radial nerve

Answer 11

Posterior interosseous nerve

Question 12

Where is the palmaris longus in relation to the flexor carpi radialis and flexor carpi ulnaris

Answer 12

In between

Question 13

What is the anatomical snuffbox

Answer 13

A shallow depression on the lateral aspect of the wrist when the thumb is fully extended

Question 14

Which artery lies on the floor of the anatomical snuff box

Answer 14

Radial

Question 15

What is the medial border of the anatomical snuffbox

Answer 15

Extensor pollicis longus TENDON

Question 16

Which muscles form the lateral border of the anatomical snuffbox

Answer 16

Extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus TENDONS

Question 17

What forms the floor of the anatomical snuffbox

Answer 17

The carpal bones; scaphoid and trapezium

Question 18

Which nerve innervates the extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus

Answer 18

The radial nerve

Question 19

Contents of the anatomical snuff box

Answer 19

The radial artery and cephalic vein

Question 20

What is the main action of the extensor pollicis longus

Answer 20

Extension of the thumb at the interpharyngeal joint

Question 21

What is the main action of the extensor pollicis brevis

Answer 21

Extends the proximal phalanx of the thumb at the metacapopharyngeal joint

Question 22

What is the main action of the abductor pollicis longus

Answer 22

Abducts thumb and extends it at carpometacarpal joint

Question 23

Where is the supinator muscle in relation to the other muscles of the posterior forearm

Answer 23

Supinator is deep to all

Question 24

During examination of the hand, where is the best area to test sensation for the radial nerve

Answer 24

The thumb and index finger web space

Question 25

Where is best to test sensation of the ulnar nerve

Answer 25

Hypothenar eminence

Question 26

Where is the best place to assess sensation of the median nerve

Answer 26

Thenar eminence

Question 27

Name the 2 projections on the proximal ulna

Answer 27

• the olecranon - posterior

- the coronoid process - anterior

Question 28

Main action of the pectoralis minor

Answer 28

Stabilise scapula by drawing inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall

Question 29

Insertion of the pectoralis major

Answer 29

Crest of the greater tubercle of the humerus

Question 30

Action of the pectoralis major muscle

Answer 30

Adduction and medial rotation of the humerus

Or can flex the humerus with the clavicular head or extend from the flexed position with the sternocostal head

Question 31

Effect of injury to the long thoracic nerve

Answer 31

Winged scapula due to failure of the serratus anterior muscle. The arm cannot be abducted above the horizontal position because the serratus anterior cannot rotate the glenoid cavity superiorly

Question 32

What is the action when the superior and inferior fibres of the trapezius work together

Answer 32

Rotate the scapula on the thoracic wall

Question 33

Which muscles are used to raise the trunk to the arm, e.g. During chin ups or climbing

Answer 33

Latissmus dorsi and pectoralis major

Question 34

Actions of the rhomboid muscles

Answer 34

Retraction of the scapula and rotation to depress the glenoid cavity

Question 35

Action of the teres major

Answer 35

Adducts and medially rotates arm

- from the inferior lateral border of the posterior scapular to the lesser tubercle of the humerus

Question 36

Effect of axillary nerve damage

How might the damage occur

Answer 36

Atrophy of the deltoid muscle, loss of sensation may occur over the lateral side of the proximal part of the arm.

Surgical neck of humerus fracture

Question 37

Structures supplied by the musculocutaneous nerve

Answer 37

Anterior arm - biceps brachii, Coracobrachialis and brachialis
Sensory innervation lateral forarm

Question 38

Structures supplied by auxiliary nerve

Answer 38

Glenohumeral joint, deltoid, teres minor, skin of superolateral forearm (deltoid)

Question 39

Structures supplied by the radial nerve

Answer 39

All posterior compartment of arm and forearm - triceps, extensor carpi radialis, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor digitorum…
Skin of the posterior and inferiolateral forarm and dorsal hand lateral to axial line of digit 4

Question 40

Structures supplied by ulnar nerve

Answer 40

Half of the flexor digitorum profundus, flexor Carpi ulnaris and most intrinsic muscles of hand and skin of hand medial to digit 4

Question 41

Structures supplied by median nerve

Answer 41

Muscles of anterior forearm compartment (except flexor carpi ulnaris and half of flexor digitorum profundus); 5 intrinsic muscles in thenar half of Palm and palmar skin