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MSK > Lower Limb 2/3 > Flashcards

Lower Limb 2/3 Flashcards

1
Q

Action of muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg

A

evert the foot and weakly plantarflex

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2
Q

what is the nerve of the lateral compartment of the leg

A

superficial fibular

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3
Q

which function of the fibularis longus that is not shared by fibularis brevis

A

plantarflexion

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4
Q

which of the four muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg causes eversion of the ankle

A

fibularis tertius

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5
Q

which muscle of the anterior compartment of the leg attaches to the first metatarsal

A

tibialis anterior

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6
Q

which muscle is the most superficial of the anterior leg

A

tibialis anterior

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7
Q

what type of joint is the ankle joint

A

hinge type synovial

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8
Q

which bone is the medial malleolus

A

tibia

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9
Q

which bone is the lateral malleolus

A

fibula

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10
Q

the articulating surfaces of the ankle

A

distal tibia and fibula and he superior part of the talus bone

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11
Q

is the malleolar grip stronger during dorsiflexion or plantarflexion of the ankle joint

A

dorsiflexion

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12
Q

is the ankle joint more unstable during plantarflexion or dorsiflexion

A

plantarflexion of the ankle joint

- during dorsiflexion the anterior part of the talus is held in the mortise

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13
Q

what is the mortise

A

a bracket shaped socket formed by strong tibiofibular ligaments (binding tibia and fibula) covered in hyaline cartilage

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14
Q

which ligament of the ankle is the weakest

A

lateral

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15
Q

which ligament of the ankle is termed the deltoid ligament

A

medial

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16
Q

Function of the lateral ligament of the ankle

A

prevents over inversion

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17
Q

function of the medial ligament of the ankle

A

prevents over eversion

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18
Q

during which movements of the subtalar joints are ankle sprains more common

A

inversion

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19
Q

what damage would be caused by excessive eversion at the subtalar joint

A

tibial and fibular fractures

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20
Q

what damage would be caused buy excessive inversion at the subtalar joint

A

fibular fracture

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21
Q

which muscles produce plantarflexion

A

posterior compartment of the leg - gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris and posterior tibialis

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22
Q

which muscle produces dorsiflexion

A

anterior compartment of the leg - tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus and extensor digitorum longus

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23
Q

what type of joint is the superior tibio-fibular joint

A

plane synovial

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24
Q

what type of joint is the inferior tibio-fibular joint

A

fibrous joint

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25
Q

Upper medial border of the popliteal fossa

A

Semimembranosus

26
Q

Upper lateral border of popliteal fossa

A

Biceps femoris

27
Q

Inferior border of popliteal fossa

A

Gastrocnemius medial and lateral

28
Q

The tibial and common fibular nerve are both branches of

A

The sciatic nerve

29
Q

Main contents of the popliteal fossa

A

Popliteal artery and vein, common tibial nerve and common fibular nerve

30
Q

Deepest structure in the popliteal fossa

A

Popliteal artery

31
Q

Causes of mass in popliteal fossa

A
  • bakers cyst
  • popliteal aneurysm
  • DVT
  • neoplasm
32
Q

Bakers cyst

A

Popliteal inflammation or swelling of semimembranous bursa usually in conjunction with arthritis

33
Q

Which nerve is susceptible to damage from a popliteal aneurysm

A

The tibial nerve

34
Q

Where does the popliteal artery arise

A

Continuation of the femoral artery as it arises from the adductor hiatus

35
Q

Which nerve innervates the gastrocnemius

A

Tibial

36
Q

What is the function of the plantaris

A

Plantar flexes foot at ankle and flexion of knee

37
Q

What is the function of the gastrocnemius muscle

A

Plantarflexion of the foot and flexion of the knee

38
Q

What is the function of the soleus muscle

A

Plantarflexes foot at the ankle

39
Q

What is the common tendon of the plantaris, gastrocnemius and soleus muscle

A

Calcaneal tendon

40
Q

Innervation of the posterior superficial muscles of the leg

A

Tibial nerve

41
Q

Where can you feel the posterior tibial pulse

A

Between the posterior surface of the medial malleolus and the medial border of the calcaneus tendon

42
Q

Role of the popliteus

A

Laterally rotates femur on the tibia - unlocks the knee so flexion can occur

43
Q

Which nerve roots does the calcaneal reflex assess

A

S1 and S2

44
Q

In which way does the femur rotate to unlock the knee

A

Laterally

45
Q

Which muscle is closest to the medial malleolus

A

Tibialis posterior

46
Q

What movements are possible at the subtalar joint

A

Eversion and inversion

47
Q

What kind of joint is between the navicular bone and talus

A

Ball and socket - allows foot to pivot

48
Q

What bone is the heel

A

Calcaneus

49
Q

How many cuneiform bones are there

A

3 from medial side join to metatarsals

50
Q

Palmar fascitis

A

Presents as heel pain and brought on by overuse (running) or increase in weight and/or age

51
Q

Dynamic factors which maintain the integrity of the arches

A

Intrinsic muscles of the foot, long flexor tendons, tendon of tibialis anterior and fibularis longus

52
Q

Passive factors which maintain the integrity of the arches

A

Shape of united bones, plantar aponeurosis, long plantar ligament, short plantar ligament

53
Q

Name the arches of the feet

A

Longitudinal and transverse

54
Q

Dermatome of the little toe

A

S1

55
Q

Which nerve innervates extensor digitorum brevis and extensor hallucis brevis

A

Deep fibular

56
Q

How many intrinsic muscles are there on the sole of the foot

A

10

57
Q

Are the palmar interossei of the lower limb unipennate or bipennate

A

Unipennate

58
Q

Are the dorsal interossei of the lower limb unipennate or bipennate

A

Bipenate

59
Q

The action of the lower limb lumbricals is to

A

Flex at metatarsophalangeal joints while extending interphalangeal joints

60
Q

Where does the swelling appear with an extensor digitorum brevis contusion

A

Anteromedial to lateral malleolus

MSK (12 decks)

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