Lower Limb 2/3 Flashcards
Action of muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg
evert the foot and weakly plantarflex
what is the nerve of the lateral compartment of the leg
superficial fibular
which function of the fibularis longus that is not shared by fibularis brevis
plantarflexion
which of the four muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg causes eversion of the ankle
fibularis tertius
which muscle of the anterior compartment of the leg attaches to the first metatarsal
tibialis anterior
which muscle is the most superficial of the anterior leg
tibialis anterior
what type of joint is the ankle joint
hinge type synovial
which bone is the medial malleolus
tibia
which bone is the lateral malleolus
fibula
the articulating surfaces of the ankle
distal tibia and fibula and he superior part of the talus bone
is the malleolar grip stronger during dorsiflexion or plantarflexion of the ankle joint
dorsiflexion
is the ankle joint more unstable during plantarflexion or dorsiflexion
plantarflexion of the ankle joint
- during dorsiflexion the anterior part of the talus is held in the mortise
what is the mortise
a bracket shaped socket formed by strong tibiofibular ligaments (binding tibia and fibula) covered in hyaline cartilage
which ligament of the ankle is the weakest
lateral
which ligament of the ankle is termed the deltoid ligament
medial
Function of the lateral ligament of the ankle
prevents over inversion
function of the medial ligament of the ankle
prevents over eversion
during which movements of the subtalar joints are ankle sprains more common
inversion
what damage would be caused by excessive eversion at the subtalar joint
tibial and fibular fractures
what damage would be caused buy excessive inversion at the subtalar joint
fibular fracture
which muscles produce plantarflexion
posterior compartment of the leg - gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris and posterior tibialis
which muscle produces dorsiflexion
anterior compartment of the leg - tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus and extensor digitorum longus
what type of joint is the superior tibio-fibular joint
plane synovial
what type of joint is the inferior tibio-fibular joint
fibrous joint
Upper medial border of the popliteal fossa
Semimembranosus
Upper lateral border of popliteal fossa
Biceps femoris
Inferior border of popliteal fossa
Gastrocnemius medial and lateral
The tibial and common fibular nerve are both branches of
The sciatic nerve
Main contents of the popliteal fossa
Popliteal artery and vein, common tibial nerve and common fibular nerve
Deepest structure in the popliteal fossa
Popliteal artery
Causes of mass in popliteal fossa
- bakers cyst
- popliteal aneurysm
- DVT
- neoplasm
Bakers cyst
Popliteal inflammation or swelling of semimembranous bursa usually in conjunction with arthritis
Which nerve is susceptible to damage from a popliteal aneurysm
The tibial nerve
Where does the popliteal artery arise
Continuation of the femoral artery as it arises from the adductor hiatus
Which nerve innervates the gastrocnemius
Tibial
What is the function of the plantaris
Plantar flexes foot at ankle and flexion of knee
What is the function of the gastrocnemius muscle
Plantarflexion of the foot and flexion of the knee
What is the function of the soleus muscle
Plantarflexes foot at the ankle
What is the common tendon of the plantaris, gastrocnemius and soleus muscle
Calcaneal tendon
Innervation of the posterior superficial muscles of the leg
Tibial nerve
Where can you feel the posterior tibial pulse
Between the posterior surface of the medial malleolus and the medial border of the calcaneus tendon
Role of the popliteus
Laterally rotates femur on the tibia - unlocks the knee so flexion can occur
Which nerve roots does the calcaneal reflex assess
S1 and S2
In which way does the femur rotate to unlock the knee
Laterally
Which muscle is closest to the medial malleolus
Tibialis posterior
What movements are possible at the subtalar joint
Eversion and inversion
What kind of joint is between the navicular bone and talus
Ball and socket - allows foot to pivot
What bone is the heel
Calcaneus
How many cuneiform bones are there
3 from medial side join to metatarsals
Palmar fascitis
Presents as heel pain and brought on by overuse (running) or increase in weight and/or age
Dynamic factors which maintain the integrity of the arches
Intrinsic muscles of the foot, long flexor tendons, tendon of tibialis anterior and fibularis longus
Passive factors which maintain the integrity of the arches
Shape of united bones, plantar aponeurosis, long plantar ligament, short plantar ligament
Name the arches of the feet
Longitudinal and transverse
Dermatome of the little toe
S1
Which nerve innervates extensor digitorum brevis and extensor hallucis brevis
Deep fibular
How many intrinsic muscles are there on the sole of the foot
10
Are the palmar interossei of the lower limb unipennate or bipennate
Unipennate
Are the dorsal interossei of the lower limb unipennate or bipennate
Bipenate
The action of the lower limb lumbricals is to
Flex at metatarsophalangeal joints while extending interphalangeal joints
Where does the swelling appear with an extensor digitorum brevis contusion
Anteromedial to lateral malleolus
