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MSK > Upper Limb 2 > Flashcards

Upper Limb 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm (shoulder to elbow)

What is their action on the elbow joint

A
  • biceps brachi
  • brachialis
  • Coracobrachialis

Flexion

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2
Q

Where does the short head of the biceps brachii arise from

A

Short arises from the coracoid process of the scapula

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3
Q

Where does the long head of the biceps brachii arise from

A

The supraglenoid process of the scapula

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4
Q

What is the distal attachment of the biceps brachii

A

The radial tuberosity

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5
Q

What is the main action of the biceps brachii

A
  • Supination of the forearm

- also flexion of the arm at the elbow and shoulder

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6
Q

Which nerve innervates all the muscles in the anterior compartment of the arm

A

The musculocutaneous nerve

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7
Q

Tapping the biceps tendon tests which spinal nerve

A

C6

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8
Q

From which cord of the brachial plexus does the musculocutaneous nerve arise

A

Lateral

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9
Q

Where is the Coracobrachialis muscle in relation to the biceps brachii

A

Deep to the biceps brachii

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10
Q

What is the origin of the Coracobrachialis muscle

A

The coracoid process of the scapula

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11
Q

What is the insertion of the Coracobrachialis muscle

A

The medial margin of the humerus

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12
Q

What is the main action of the Coracobrachialis muscle

A

Flexion of the arm at the shoulder

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13
Q

Which muscle forms the base of the cubital fossa

A

The brachialis muscle

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14
Q

Where does the brachialis muscle originate

A

Medial and lateral surfaces of the humeral shaft

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15
Q

Where does the brachialis muscle insert

A

The tuberosity of the ulna just distal to the elbow joint

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16
Q

What is the main action of the brachialis muscle

A

Flexion of the elbow

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17
Q

Describe the path of the musculocutaneous nerve

A

Arises from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus, enters the arm by perforating the Coracobrachialis muscle and descends between the biceps and brachialis. After supplying the muscles it continues as the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm

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18
Q

Sensory functions of the musculocutaneous nerve

A

Gives rise to the lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm - it innervates the skin on the lateral aspect of the forearm

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19
Q

An injury to the musculocutaneous nerve would cause

A
  • paralysis of the biceps brachii, brachialis and Coracobrachialis
  • loss of sensation from lateral aspect of the forearm
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20
Q

At what anatomical point does the brachial artery begin

A

The inferior border of the teres major muscle

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21
Q

What muscles does the median nerve supply

A

The flexor muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm (except the flexor Capri ulnaris and part of the flexor digitorum profundus which are innervated by the ulnar nerve) also supplies the the arm muscles and lateral 2 lumbricals in the hand

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22
Q

What is the sensory function of the median nerve

A

Gives rise to the palmar cutaneous branch which innervates the lateral part of the palm, and the digital cutaneous branch which innervates the lateral 3 and a half fingers on the palmar surface of the hand

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23
Q

Which artery does the median nerve cross in the arm

A

Brachial artery

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24
Q

Which group of muscles atrophies in carpal tunnel syndrome

A

Thenar eminence

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25
Q

Which deformity occurs when the median nerve is damaged at the elbow

A

Hand of benediction - only the little and ring fingers can flex completely when patient tries to make a fist

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26
Q

What muscles of the forearm are innervated by the ulnar nerve

A
  • Flexor Capri ulnaris

- medial half of digitorum profundus

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27
Q

Sensory functions of the ulnar nerve

A

Innervates the anterior and posterior surfaces of the medial one and a half fingers, and the associated palm area

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28
Q

Which nerve passes posteriorly to the medial epicondyle

A

The ulnar nerve

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29
Q

Where does the ulnar nerve travel in relation to the flexor retinaculum

A

Superficial to the flexor retinaculum

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30
Q

Which muscles of the hand are innervated by the ulnar nerve

A
  • The hypothenar muscles - flexor digiti minimise brevis, adductor digiti minimise, opponens digiti minimi
  • medial 2 lumbricals
  • adductor pollicis
  • interossei of the hand
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31
Q

What is the most common site that the radial nerve could be damaged

A

The radial groove of the humerus - on the centre of the lateral border of the humerus

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32
Q

What is the most common site that the ulnar nerve could be damaged

A

The medial epicondyle of the humerus

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33
Q

What is the most common site the axillary nerve could be damaged

A

Surgical neck of the humerus

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34
Q

What muscle forms the medial border of the cubital fossa

A

Pronator teres

35
Q

What muscle formed the lateral border of the cubital fossa

A

Brachioradialis

36
Q

What forms the superior border of the cubital fossa

A

An imaginary line between the medial and lateral epicodyles of the humerus

37
Q

Contents of the cubital fossa

A
  • radial nerve
  • biceps tendon
  • brachial artery (bifurcates into radial and ulnar)
  • median nerve

Really Need Beer To Be at My Nicest (from lateral to medial contents)

38
Q

Where is the median cubital vein in relation to the cubital fossa

A

Within the roof - in the fascia

39
Q

What forms the floor of the cubital fossa

A

Supinator and brachialis muscle

40
Q

What muscle is the posterior compartment of the arm

A

Triceps

41
Q

Where do the heads of the triceps muscle originate from

A
  • Long head - infraglenoid tubercle
  • Lateral head - humerus, superior to radial groove
  • Medial head - humerus, inferior to radial groove
42
Q

Where does the common tendon of the triceps insert

A

The olecranon process of the ulna

43
Q

What is the action of the triceps brachii

A

Extension of the arm at the elbow

44
Q

Innervation of the triceps

A

Radial nerve

45
Q

Which spinal segment does a tap on the triceps tendon test

A

C7

46
Q

Which head of the triceps brachii lies deeper than the other 2

A

The medial head

47
Q

What is the action of the aconeus muscle

A

Helps triceps extend the forarm and abduct the ulna during pronation

48
Q

Sensory innervation of the radial nerve

A

Most of the skin on the posterior side of the forearm and the dorsal surface of the lateral side of the palm, and lateral 3 and a half digits

49
Q

Motor innervation of the radial nerve

A
  • Innervates the triceps brachii

- Deep branch innervates the muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm (extend at the wrist and finger joints)

50
Q

What is the characteristic clinical sign of damage to the radial nerve

A

Wrist drop

- due to not being able to extend the wrist using the posterior muscles of the forearm

51
Q

Which nerve is most at risk from a midshaft humeral fracture

A

Radial nerve

52
Q

What kind of joint is the elbow

A

Synovial hinge

53
Q

Which landmark of the humerus marks the course of the radial nerve

A

The radial groove

54
Q

How many cutaneous branches does the radial nerve give off

A

4

55
Q

What are the 2 separate articulations of the elbow joint

A
  • Trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of ulna

- Capilutulum of humerus and head of radius

56
Q

What movements are permitted at the elbow joint

A

Flexion and extension

57
Q

What joint allows pronation and supination

A

Radioulnar joints

58
Q

Which ligament holds the radius in the radial notch of the ulna

A

Annular ligament of the radius

59
Q

What is the name for the fibrous thickening of the joint capsule extending from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus to the annular ligament

A

Radial collateral ligament

60
Q

Where does the ulnar collateral ligament extend from

A

The medial epicondyle of the humerus to the coronoid process and olecranon of the ulna

61
Q

Which muscles flex the elbow

A
  • Biceps brachii
  • brachioradialis
  • brachialis
62
Q

Which muscles extend the elbow

A
  • Triceps brachii

- Anconeus

63
Q

What is the common flexor origin

A

Medial epicondyle

64
Q

What is the common extensor origin

A

Lateral epicondyle

65
Q

Which bursa is commonly affected by “students elbow”

A

Subcutaneous olecranon bursa

66
Q

What kind of joint is the radio ulnar joint

What movements are permitted at this joint

A
  • Pivot type synovial

- Pronation and supination

67
Q

Which muscles produce pronation at the radio-ulnar joints

A
  • pronator quadratus

- pronator teres

68
Q

Which muscles produce supination of the radio-ulnar joints

A
  • supinator

- biceps brachii

69
Q

What is the name of the connective tissue which joins the radius and ulna between the radio ulnar joints

A

Interosseus membrane - holds radius and ulna together, acts a as a site of attachment for muscles, transfers forces from the radius to the ulna

70
Q

Why are children more prone to subluxation and dislocation of the radio-ulnar joint

A

They have a weak annular ligament

71
Q

Which muscles attach to the greater tubercle of the humerus

A
  • the infraspinatus
  • the supraspinatus
  • teres minor
72
Q

Innervation of the deltoid is

A

Axillary nerve

73
Q

Actions of the deltoid muscle

A
  • anterior fibres flex the arm at the shoulder
  • posterior fibres extend the arm at the shoulder
  • middle fibres are the major abductor of the arm
74
Q

Where does the deltoid muscle originate and attach to

A

Originates from the scapula and clavicle and attaches to the deltoid tuberosity on the lateral surface of the humerus

75
Q

Where is the origination and attachments of the teres major

A

The posterior surface of the inferior angle of the scapula and attaches to the intertubercular groove of the humerus

76
Q

Innervation of the teres major

A

Lower scapular nerve

77
Q

Actions of the teres major

A

Adducts at the shoulder and medially rotates the arm

78
Q

What is the action of the supraspinatus

A

Abducts the arm and assists the deltoid

79
Q

What is the individual action of the infraspinatus

A

Laterally rotates the arm

80
Q

What is the individual action of the subscapularis muscle

A

Medially rotates the arm

81
Q

What is the action of the teres minor

A

Laterally rotates the arm

82
Q

Which nerve innervates the rhomboids and levator scapulae

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

83
Q

Which nerve innervates the supraspinatus

A

The suprascapular nerve

84
Q

Which nerve innervates the teres minor

A

Axillary nerve

MSK (12 decks)

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