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MSK - Anatomy > Upper Limb 4 > Flashcards

Upper Limb 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What muscle is highlighted?

A

Adductor pollicis

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2
Q

What are the heads of the adductor pollicus?

A

Transverse and oblique head

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3
Q

What is the function of the adductor pollicis?

A

Adducts the thumb

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4
Q

What is the innervation of the adductor pollicis?

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve

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5
Q

What muscles are in the deepest muscle layer of the hand?

A

Interossei - lie between metacarpal bones

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6
Q

What are the 2 types of interossei?

A

Palmar - 1-3
Dorsal - 1-4

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7
Q

What is the action of the dorsal interossei?

A

Abduct the fingers

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8
Q

What is the action of the palmar interossei?

A

Adduct the fingers

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9
Q

What is the innervation of the dorsal and palmar interossei?

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve

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10
Q

Which spinal segment contributes the most to the innervation of the interossei?

A

T1

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11
Q

What arteries supply blood supply to the hand?

A

Ulnar and radial arteries

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12
Q

Which artery is the main contributor to the superficial palmar arch?

A

Ulnar artery

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13
Q

Which artery is the main contributor to the deep palmar arch?

A

Radial artery

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14
Q

Where is the deep palmar arch formed after?

A

After the radial artery crosses the anatomical snuff box, passing between 2 heads of 1st dorsal interossei and 2 heads of adductor pollicis

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15
Q

What does the median nerve innervate in the hand?

A

Majority of thenar eminence muscles apart from deep belly of flexor pollicis brevis, and the 1st and 2nd lumbricals

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16
Q

What nerves supply the muscles of the hand?

A

Median and ulnar nerve

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17
Q

What segmental fibres of median and ulnar nerves innervate the intrinsic muscles of the hand?

A

C8-T1

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18
Q

What cord is the ulnar nerve a branch of on the brachial plexus?

A

Median cord of brachial plexus

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19
Q

How is the axillary nerve tested for motor function?

A

Abducting the shoulders (deltoid)

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20
Q

How is the musculocutaneous nerve tested for motor function?

A

Flexing the elbow (bicpes and brachialis)

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21
Q

How is the radial nerve tested for motor function?

A

Extending wrist (posterior compartment of the forearm)

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22
Q

How is the ulnar nerve tested for motor function?

A

Spreading fingers (intrinsic muscles of the hand)

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23
Q

How is the median nerve tested for motor function?

A

Move your thumb towards your nose (abductor pollicis brevis)

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24
Q

What are bony features of the radius and ulna?

A

Radius tuberosity, styloid process of radius + ulna, olecranon of ulna and proximal + distal radio-ulnar joints

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25
Q

What is the interosseous membrane?

A

Incomplete fibrous structure - conforming stability to the forearm structure
It is lax enough to allow supination and pronation at radio-ulnar joints

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26
Q

What sits between the ulna and carpal bones?

A

Articular disc

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27
Q

What does the radius articulate with?

A

Articular disc and proximal row of carpal bones

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28
Q

What type of fluid is found between the forearm and carpal bones?

A

Synovial fluid which reduces friction

29
Q

What does the combined action of the flexor and extensor carpi ulnaris cause?

A

Ulnar deviation or adduction of the wrist

30
Q

What muscles are responsible for radial deviation or abduction of the wrist?

A

Flexor and extensor carpi radialis

31
Q

What is 1?

A

Radius

32
Q

What is 2?

A

Ulna

33
Q

Where do the metacarpal bones articulate?

A

Proximally at the carpo-metacarpal CMC joints and distally at the metacarpophalangeal MP joints

34
Q

What are the muscles that extend and abduct/ adduct the hand at wrist joint?

A

Extensor carpi longus
Extensor carpi brevis
Extensor carpi ulnaris

35
Q

What is the orange muscle on the medial side?

A

Anconeus

36
Q

What is the blue muscle?

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis

37
Q

What is the yellow muscle?

A

Extensor digitorium

38
Q

What is the green muscle?

A

Extensor digiti minimi

39
Q

What is the purple muscle?

A

Extensor carpi ulnaris

40
Q

What is the orange muscle on the lateral side?

A

Brachioradialis

41
Q

What is the action of the extensor carpi radialis longus an d brevis on wrist joint?

A

Extension and abduction
Also with help of flexor radialis they can cause radial deviation

42
Q

What are the muscles in the posterior forearm which extend the medial 4 digits?

A

Extensor digitorum
Extensor indicis
Extensor digiti minimi

43
Q

Where does the extensor digitorum arise from?

A

Common extensor origin on lateral epicondyle of the humerus

44
Q

Describe the extensor digitorum

A

The fleshy muscle belly runs distally under extensor retinaculum and divides into 4 tendons for the fingers

45
Q

What are the muscles which extend or abduct the thumb?

A

Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Extensor pollicis longus

46
Q

What is the pink muscle?

A

Brachioradialis

47
Q

What is the blue muscle?

A

Extensor radialis longus and brevis

48
Q

What is the yellow muscle?

A

Extensor digitorum

49
Q

What is the green muscle?

A

Extensor digiti minimi

50
Q

What is the purple muscle?

A

Extensor carpi ulnaris

51
Q

What is the red muscle?

A

Abductor pollicis longus

52
Q

What is the orange muscle?

A

Extensor pollicis longus

53
Q

What is the action of the supinator muscle?

A

Supinates forearm - rotates radius to turn palm anteriorly

54
Q

What nerve innervates the posterior forearm?

A

Radial nerve

55
Q

Where does the radial nerve split into superficial and deep branches?

A

At cubital fossa

56
Q

What is the action of the deep branch of the radial nerve?

A

Main motor nerve of extensors of the forearm

57
Q

What is the course of the deep branch (posterior interosseous nerve) of the radial nerve?

A

Runs deep to supinator muscle, eventually piercing it to enter the extensor compartment of the forearm

58
Q

What is the action of the superficial branch of the radial nerve?

A

Purely sensory and distributed to skin on the dorsum of the hand

59
Q

What is the course of the superficial branch of the radial nerve?

A

As it branches at cubital fossa it runs deep to brachioradialis and enters the hand passing over the anatomical snuff box

60
Q

What is the arterial supply for the posterior forearm?

A

Arterial anastomoses
Posterior interosseous artery arising from ulnar artery
Recurrent interosseous artery which branches from posterior interosseous artery
Venous supply follows the same

61
Q

Where does the cephalic vein lie?

A

Lateral side as a continuation of the dorsal venous arch running proximally

62
Q

Where does the basilic vein lie?

A

Medial side as continuation of the dorsal venous arch

63
Q

What is the anatomical snuff box?

A

Shallow depression located on lateral aspect of the wrist when thumb is fully extended

64
Q

What is the medial border of the anatomical snuff box?

A

Tendon of extensor pollicis longus

65
Q

What makes up the lateral border of he anatomical snuff box?

A

Tendon of extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus

66
Q

What makes up the floor of the anatomical snuff box?

A

Scaphoid and trapezium carpal bones

67
Q

What artery can you feel pulsating on floor of anatomical snuff box?

A

Radial artery

68
Q

What is the common innervation of the extensor pollicis longus + brevis and adductor pollicis longus?

A

Posterior interosseous nerve - radial nerve

MSK - Anatomy (11 decks)

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