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MSK - Anatomy > Lower Limb 4 > Flashcards

Lower Limb 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the popliteal fossa

A

Fat filled and diamond shaped space located posterior to knee joint

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2
Q

What muscle is the medial boundary of the popliteal fossa?

A

Semimembranosus

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3
Q

What muscle is the lateral boundary of the popliteal fossa?

A

Biceps femoris

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4
Q

What is 1?

A

Biceps femoris

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5
Q

What is 2?

A

Semimembranosus

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6
Q

What is 3?

A

Semitendinosus

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7
Q

What is 4?

A

Tibial nerve

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8
Q

What is 5?

A

Popliteal artery

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9
Q

What is 6?

A

Common fibular nerve

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10
Q

What relation is the popliteal artery to the popliteal vein?

A

Inferior

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11
Q

What muscle forms the inferior boundary of the popliteal fossa?

A

Gastrocnemius

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12
Q

What are the contents of the popliteal fossa?

A

Fat, popliteal artery, popliteal vein, tibial nerve, common fibular nerve and popliteal LNs and vessels

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13
Q

Where does the popliteal artery emerge from?

A

Adductor hiatus - femoral artery then becomes popliteal artery

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14
Q

Which nerve innervates gastrocnemius?

A

Tibial nerve

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15
Q

What is the function of the small muscle with a very long tendon in superficial muscle of leg?

A

Plantaris

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16
Q

What is the function of the plantaris?

A

Weakly assists with gastrocnemius in plantarflexion

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17
Q

What is A?

A

Calcaneal tendon - Achilles tendon

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18
Q

What is B?

A

Soleus

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19
Q

What is C?

A

Lateral and medial head of gastrocnemius

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20
Q

What is D?

A

Plantaris

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21
Q

What is the attachment and insertion of the Achilles tendon?

A

Attaches to strong terminal attachment of gastrocnemius passing down to insert onto posterior aspect of calcaneus bone

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22
Q

What are the 4 muscles of the deep group of posterior leg muscles?

A

Popliteus
Flexor hallicus longus
Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorium longus

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23
Q

What is 1?

A

Popliteus

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24
Q

What is 2?

A

Flexor hallicus longus

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25
Q

What is 3?

A

Tibialis posterior

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26
Q

What is 4?

A

Flexor digitorium longus

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27
Q

Which nerve and vessel accompany 3 muscle tendons through the ‘door of the foot’?

A

Posterior tibial artery and tibial nerve

28
Q

What 3 muscle tendons enter through the ‘door of the foot’?

A

Flexor hallicus longus
Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorium longus
This means they avoid being compressed by calcaneus

29
Q

Which nerve innervates all the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Tibial nerve

30
Q

Which branch of the popliteal artery supplies posterior compartment of leg?

A

Posterior tibial artery

31
Q

What is 1?

A

Talus

32
Q

What is 2?

A

Calcaneus

33
Q

What is 3?

A

Navicular

34
Q

What is 4?

A

Cuboid

35
Q

What is 5?

A

Cuneiforms

36
Q

What is 6?

A

Metatarsals

37
Q

What is the deep fascia of the foot called?

A

Plantar fascia - supports arch of foot and acts as spring when pushing off from normal walking gait

38
Q

Describe plantar fasciitis

A

Felt as heel pain and brought on by overuse (running) or increase in weight and/ or age
Treatment/ management - rest, strengthening exercises or as steroid injections

39
Q

What movements of the ankle are achieved at the mortise joint of the ankle?

A

Plantarflexion and dorsiflexion

40
Q

What movements occur at the subtalar joint of the ankle?

A

Inversion and eversion

41
Q

What type of joint is the talonavicular joint?

A

Synovial ball and socket joint - allows pivot of foot from side to side

42
Q

What type of joint is the talocalcaneal joint?

A

Synovial plane joint - allows some lateral sliding movement

43
Q

Why are the talonavicular and talocalcaneal joint important?

A

Essential for weight distribution when walking on uneven ground and balancing on one leg

44
Q

What are the arches of the foot?

A

Longitudinal and transverse arches

45
Q

What is the role of the arches of the foot?

A

Distribute body weight onto main fat pads and the curvature acts as a shock absorber

46
Q

What ligament helps maintain the medial longitudinal arch?

A

Plantar calcaneo-navicular or spring ligament

47
Q

What are the passive factors maintaining the integrity of the arch of the foot?

A

Shape of united bones
Plantar aponeurosis ligament or spring ligament
Long plantar ligament
Short plantar ligament

48
Q

What are the dynamic factors maintaining the integrity of the arch of the foot?

A

Intrinsic muscles of the foot
Long flexor tendons
Tendon of tibialis anterior and fibularis longus muscles

49
Q

What are high arches of the foot due to?

A

Often congenital abnormalities causing fixed contractions of flexor muscles

50
Q

What are flat feet due to?

A

Common problem with increasing age, due to dysfunction of one or more of the dynamic or passive factors

51
Q

What is congenital clubfoot?

A

Ankle is plantarflexed with abnormal adduction/ inversion of the hindfoot and forefoot
Shortness and tightness of muscles, tendons, ligaments and joint capsules

52
Q

How many layers of muscles does the foot have?

A

4 layers

53
Q

What is the function of the first layer of muscles in the foot?

A

Flexes the toes which initiates first part of gait cycle

54
Q

What structures are found within layer 2 of the foot muscles?

A

Posterior tibial artery and tbial nerve

55
Q

What is A?

A

Flexor digitorium brevis

56
Q

What is B?

A

Abductor digitorium minimi

57
Q

What is C?

A

Abductor hallicus

58
Q

What is A?

A

Lumbricals

59
Q

What is B?

A

Quadratus plantae

60
Q

What is C?

A

Flexor hallicus longus

61
Q

What is D?

A

Flexor digitorium longus

62
Q

What are the 2 terminal branches of the foot which innervate intrinsic muscles of the foot?

A

Medial plantar and lateral plantar nerves

63
Q

What are the 2 terminal branches of the the posterior tibial artery which supply the foot region?

A

Lateral plantar and medial plantar arteries

64
Q

What is the action of layer 3 muscles in the foot?

A

Adductors and short flexors of the foot

65
Q

What does layer 4 of the foot contain?

A

Interossei - plantar and dorsal interossei

66
Q

What is the role of the plantar interossei of the foot?

A

Adduct the digits

67
Q

What is the role of the dorsal interossei of the foot?

A

Abduct the digits

MSK - Anatomy (11 decks)

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