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MSK - Anatomy > Lower Limb 1 > Flashcards

Lower Limb 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 bones of the hip bone?

A

Ilium, ischium and pubis

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2
Q

What is 1?

A

Iliac crest

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3
Q

What is 2?

A

Anterior superior iliac spine

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4
Q

What is 5?

A

Pubis

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5
Q

What is 6?

A

Pubic crest

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6
Q

What is 7?

A

Ischium

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7
Q

What is 10?

A

Ilium

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8
Q

What is 16?

A

Obturator foramen

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9
Q

Where does the femur head articulate?

A

Acetabulum of the hip to form the hip joint

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10
Q

Where do the 2 hemi-pelvises articulate?

A

At midline at the pubic symphysis

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11
Q

What are the 2 superficial veins of the lower limb?

A

Great saphenous vein and small saphenous vein

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12
Q

Where do the superficial veins of the lower limb begin?

A

Begin as main tributaries from dorsal venous arch of the foot, ascending superiorly, with great saphenous draining into femoral vein

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13
Q

Which superficial vein ascends anterior to medial malleolus of tibia?

A

Great saphenous vein

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14
Q

Which superficial vein ascends posterior to lateral malleolus?

A

Small saphenous vein

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15
Q

What does the great saphenous vein drain into?

A

Femoral vein

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16
Q

What does the small saphenous vein drain into?

A

Popliteal vein

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17
Q

Describe varicose veins

A

Valves in saphenous veins become incompetent and thin walled vessels dilate and become torturous
Normally asymptomatic

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18
Q

What is the course of the deep veins of the lower limb?

A

Ascend with their respective arteries

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19
Q

What are the 3 groups of lymph nodes in lower limb?

A

Superficial inguinal
Deep inguinal
Popliteal

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20
Q

Where do the lymphatic vessels of lower limbs drain into?

A

Lymphatic vessels accompanying great saphenous veins drain into superficial inguinal nodes
Lymphatic vessels accompanying small saphenous vein drain into popliteal lymph nodes

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21
Q

What dermatome is the anterior of the knee?

A

L3

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22
Q

What is the big toe and little toe supplied by?

A

Big - L5 dermatome
Little - S1 dermatome

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23
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint?

A

Ball and socket synovial joint

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24
Q

What is acetabular labrum?

A

Band of tough cartilage and connective tissue that lines the acetabulum

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25
Q

What is the function of the acetabular labrum?

A

Retains layer of intra-articular fluid for joint lubrication and support/ distribution

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26
Q

What is 1?

A

Iliofemoral ligament

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27
Q

What is 2?

A

Pubofemoral ligament

28
Q

What is 3?

A

Ischiofemoral ligament

29
Q

What does the iliofemoral ligament prevent?

A

Hyperextension of hip joint

30
Q

What does the pubofemoral ligament prevent?

A

Hyper-abduction of the hip joint

31
Q

What muscles are involved in hip flexion?

A

Psoas major
Ileus
Pectineus

32
Q

What is muscle 1/2?

A

Psoas major

33
Q

What is muscle 3?

A

Iliacus

34
Q

What is muscle 6?

A

Pectineus

35
Q

Where do iliacus and psoas major insert?

A

Common tendon - lesser trochanter of femur
Known as iliopsoas muscle

36
Q

What are the 3 groups of hip extensor muscles?

A

Gluteus maximus, hamstrings and posterior part of adductor magnus

37
Q

What muscle is the main extensor of the hip joint?

A

Gluteus maximus

38
Q

What plexus supplies the muscles of hip extension?

A

Sacral plexus L4-S3

39
Q

What nerve mainly supplies the adductor compartment?

A

Obturator nerve apart from posterior part of adductor magnus

40
Q

What is A?

A

Pectineus

41
Q

What is B?

A

Adductor brevis

42
Q

What is C?

A

Adductor longus

43
Q

What is D?

A

Gracilis

44
Q

What are the muscles of hip adduction?

A

Pectineus, adductor brevis, adductor longus, gracilis and obturator externus

45
Q

What muscles carry out hip abduction?

A

Deep gluteal muscles - gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and piriformis

46
Q

What is the deep gluteal muscles attachment?

A

Greater trochanter of femur

47
Q

What is A?

A

Gluteus minimus

48
Q

What is B?

A

Piriformis

49
Q

What is C?

A

Gluteus medius

50
Q

What plexus supplies the abductor compartment?

A

Sacral

51
Q

Where do the muscles of external rotation lie?

A

Cross the joint on posterior side
Lie deep within pelvis and attach onto or around greater trochanter of femur

52
Q

What are the muscles of external rotation?

A

Piriformis
Obturator internus
Obturator externus
Superior and inferior gamelli
Quadratus femoris

53
Q

What muscles are the medial rotators of the hip joint?

A

Anterior fibres of gluteus medius
Anterior fibres of gluteus minimus
Tensor fascia lata

54
Q

What muscles make up the anterior thigh?

A

Quadriceps Femoris - 4 headed muscle

55
Q

What are the 4 parts of the quadriceps femoris?

A

Rectus femoris
Vastus medialis
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius

56
Q

Which nerve innervated the anterior thigh muscles?

A

Femoral nerve - L2-4

57
Q

What do the 4 muscles of quadriceps form?

A

Unite to form quadricep tendon proximal to patella
Distal to patella it continues as patellar tendon - inserting into anterior aspect of tibia

58
Q

Describe the sartorius muscle

A

Longest muscle in body and most superficial in anterior compartment of thigh

59
Q

What is the proximal and distal attachment of sartorius muscle?

A

Proximal - anterior superior iliac spine
Distal - pes anserinus of medial aspect of tibia along with 2 other muscles

60
Q

What muscles attach to the pes anserinus?

A

Sartorius, gracilis and semtendinous muscles

61
Q

What are the 3 actions of sartorius muscle on the hip joint?

A

Thigh flexion
Thigh abduction
Laterally rotates hip joint - external rotation

62
Q

What is the action of the sartorius muscle on the knee joint?

A

Flexion and internal rotation

63
Q

Describe the position of the sartorius muscle

A

Spirals around thigh from lateral to medial, crossing the hip anteriorly and the knee joint posterior-medially

64
Q

Which nerve innervates the medial thigh muscles?

A

Obturator muscles

65
Q

What structures pass through the adductor canal?

A

Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Saphenous nerve

MSK - Anatomy (11 decks)

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