Lower Limb 1 Flashcards
What are the 3 bones of the hip bone?
Ilium, ischium and pubis
What is 1?
Iliac crest
What is 2?
Anterior superior iliac spine
What is 5?
Pubis
What is 6?
Pubic crest
What is 7?
Ischium
What is 10?
Ilium
What is 16?
Obturator foramen
Where does the femur head articulate?
Acetabulum of the hip to form the hip joint
Where do the 2 hemi-pelvises articulate?
At midline at the pubic symphysis
What are the 2 superficial veins of the lower limb?
Great saphenous vein and small saphenous vein
Where do the superficial veins of the lower limb begin?
Begin as main tributaries from dorsal venous arch of the foot, ascending superiorly, with great saphenous draining into femoral vein
Which superficial vein ascends anterior to medial malleolus of tibia?
Great saphenous vein
Which superficial vein ascends posterior to lateral malleolus?
Small saphenous vein
What does the great saphenous vein drain into?
Femoral vein
What does the small saphenous vein drain into?
Popliteal vein
Describe varicose veins
Valves in saphenous veins become incompetent and thin walled vessels dilate and become torturous
Normally asymptomatic
What is the course of the deep veins of the lower limb?
Ascend with their respective arteries
What are the 3 groups of lymph nodes in lower limb?
Superficial inguinal
Deep inguinal
Popliteal
Where do the lymphatic vessels of lower limbs drain into?
Lymphatic vessels accompanying great saphenous veins drain into superficial inguinal nodes
Lymphatic vessels accompanying small saphenous vein drain into popliteal lymph nodes
What dermatome is the anterior of the knee?
L3
What is the big toe and little toe supplied by?
Big - L5 dermatome
Little - S1 dermatome
What type of joint is the hip joint?
Ball and socket synovial joint
What is acetabular labrum?
Band of tough cartilage and connective tissue that lines the acetabulum
What is the function of the acetabular labrum?
Retains layer of intra-articular fluid for joint lubrication and support/ distribution
What is 1?
Iliofemoral ligament
What is 2?
Pubofemoral ligament
What is 3?
Ischiofemoral ligament
What does the iliofemoral ligament prevent?
Hyperextension of hip joint
What does the pubofemoral ligament prevent?
Hyper-abduction of the hip joint
What muscles are involved in hip flexion?
Psoas major
Ileus
Pectineus
What is muscle 1/2?
Psoas major
What is muscle 3?
Iliacus
What is muscle 6?
Pectineus
Where do iliacus and psoas major insert?
Common tendon - lesser trochanter of femur
Known as iliopsoas muscle
What are the 3 groups of hip extensor muscles?
Gluteus maximus, hamstrings and posterior part of adductor magnus
What muscle is the main extensor of the hip joint?
Gluteus maximus
What plexus supplies the muscles of hip extension?
Sacral plexus L4-S3
What nerve mainly supplies the adductor compartment?
Obturator nerve apart from posterior part of adductor magnus
What is A?
Pectineus
What is B?
Adductor brevis
What is C?
Adductor longus
What is D?
Gracilis
What are the muscles of hip adduction?
Pectineus, adductor brevis, adductor longus, gracilis and obturator externus
What muscles carry out hip abduction?
Deep gluteal muscles - gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and piriformis
What is the deep gluteal muscles attachment?
Greater trochanter of femur
What is A?
Gluteus minimus
What is B?
Piriformis
What is C?
Gluteus medius
What plexus supplies the abductor compartment?
Sacral
Where do the muscles of external rotation lie?
Cross the joint on posterior side
Lie deep within pelvis and attach onto or around greater trochanter of femur
What are the muscles of external rotation?
Piriformis
Obturator internus
Obturator externus
Superior and inferior gamelli
Quadratus femoris
What muscles are the medial rotators of the hip joint?
Anterior fibres of gluteus medius
Anterior fibres of gluteus minimus
Tensor fascia lata
What muscles make up the anterior thigh?
Quadriceps Femoris - 4 headed muscle
What are the 4 parts of the quadriceps femoris?
Rectus femoris
Vastus medialis
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius
Which nerve innervated the anterior thigh muscles?
Femoral nerve - L2-4
What do the 4 muscles of quadriceps form?
Unite to form quadricep tendon proximal to patella
Distal to patella it continues as patellar tendon - inserting into anterior aspect of tibia
Describe the sartorius muscle
Longest muscle in body and most superficial in anterior compartment of thigh
What is the proximal and distal attachment of sartorius muscle?
Proximal - anterior superior iliac spine
Distal - pes anserinus of medial aspect of tibia along with 2 other muscles
What muscles attach to the pes anserinus?
Sartorius, gracilis and semtendinous muscles
What are the 3 actions of sartorius muscle on the hip joint?
Thigh flexion
Thigh abduction
Laterally rotates hip joint - external rotation
What is the action of the sartorius muscle on the knee joint?
Flexion and internal rotation
Describe the position of the sartorius muscle
Spirals around thigh from lateral to medial, crossing the hip anteriorly and the knee joint posterior-medially
Which nerve innervates the medial thigh muscles?
Obturator muscles
What structures pass through the adductor canal?
Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Saphenous nerve
