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MSK - Anatomy > Upper Limb 3 > Flashcards

Upper Limb 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Flexors of the wrist and digits
Also facilitate pronation of the forearm at radio-ulnar joint

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2
Q

What is the common flexor origin for the superficial and intermediate flexors?

A

Medial epicondyle

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3
Q

What is A?

A

Flexor carpi radialis

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4
Q

What is B?

A

Plamaris longus

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5
Q

What is C?

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris

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6
Q

What is D?

A

Pronator teres

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7
Q

What is the action of the pronator teres?

A

Pronator forearm and flexes elbow joint

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8
Q

What muscle does ulnar deviation of the wrist?

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris

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9
Q

What muscle does radial deviation of the wrist?

A

Flexor carpi radialis

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10
Q

What nerve supplies the superficial muscles of the anterior forearm?

A

Median nerve except ulnar nerve supplying the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle

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11
Q

What is the only muscle in the intermediate group of the forearm?

A

Flexor digitorium superficialis (FDS)

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12
Q

To which digits are the 4 tendons of the FDS attached?

A

Medial 4 digits

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13
Q

On which phalanx are the tendons of FDS attached to?

A

Middle phalanx

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14
Q

What is the action of the FDS muscle?

A

Flexes the wrist, metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints

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15
Q

What nerve innervates the flexor digitorium superficialis?

A

Median nerve

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16
Q

What is the main action of the brachioradialis muscle?

A

Weak flexion of the elbow joint
Maximal when forearm in mid-pronated position

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17
Q

Which nerve supplies the brachioradialis muscle?

A

Radial nerve

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18
Q

What is A?

A

Flexor pollicus longus

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19
Q

What is B?

A

Pronator quadratus

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20
Q

What is C?

A

Flexor digitorium profundus

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21
Q

Describe the FDP

A

Long, thick muscle that lies deeply in the front of the forearm
Lies more superficially on medial border and back of forearm

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22
Q

What is the main action of FDP on the wrist and fingers?

A

Flexes wrist joint at carpometacarpal joint and flexes distal interphalangeal joints of digits 2,3,4 and 5

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23
Q

Describe the dual supply of the FDP

A

Medial part (digits 4 + 5) - ulnar nerve
Lateral part (digits 2 + 3) - median nerve

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24
Q

What is the action of the flexor pollicus longus (FPL)?

A

Long flexor of the thumb

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25
Q

What innervates the flexor pollicus longus?

A

Anterior interosseous nerve from median nerve

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26
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the pronator quadratus?

A

Origin - anterior aspect of ulna
Insertion - radius

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27
Q

What is the innervation of the pronator quadratus?

A

Anterior interosseous nerve from median nerve

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28
Q

What are the pronator muscles of the anterior forearm?

A

Pronator teres and pronator quadratus

29
Q

What is 1?

A

Radial nerve

30
Q

What is 2?

A

Radial artery

31
Q

What is 3?

A

Median nerve

32
Q

What is 4?

A

Ulnar artery

33
Q

What is 5?

A

Ulnar nerve

34
Q

What is the course of the median nerve in forearm?

A

Enters the forearm medial to brachial artery
Then passes under FDS muscle and passes down forearm between FDS and FDP
Enters the carpal tunnel inferior to the flexor retinaculum

35
Q

What muscles does the median nerve not supply in the anterior forearm?

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris and medial half of flexor digitorium profundus

36
Q

Describe the course of the ulnar nerve

A

Passes posterior to medial epicondyle of humerus, then enters forearm by passing between heads of flexor carpi ulnaris muscle

37
Q

Where does the ulnar nerve lie in relation to the ulnar artery?

A

Medial and superficial

38
Q

Where does the brachial artery divide?

A

At neck of the radius

39
Q

Describe the course of the ulnar artery

A

Runs distally with ulnar nerve between FCU and FDP
Then forms the superficial palmar arch after running through the wrist

40
Q

Describe the course of the radial artery

A

Initially starts under brachioradialis and runs over pronator teres and flexor pollicus longus lying on distal radius
Forms deep palmar arch

41
Q

What is the carpal tunnel?

A

Passageway from forearm to hand, passing deep to flexor retinaculum

42
Q

What is the flexor retinaculum?

A

Strong fibrous band which stabilises the concavity of the palmar surface of the carpus and transmits several structures

43
Q

What carpal bones are attached to flexor retinaculum?

A

Scaphoid
Lateral side of the trapezium
Pisiform
Medial site of hamate

44
Q

What are the contents of the carpal tunnel?

A

4 tendons of flexor digitorium profundus
4 tendons of flexor digitorium superficialis
1 tendon of flexor pollicus longus
Median nerve

45
Q

Describe carpal tunnel syndrome

A

Condition where any reduction in space within carpal tunnel can result in weakness and tingling of muscles + skin supplied by median nerve

46
Q

What is the treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

Flexor retinaculum is dissected under local or general anaesthetic and nerve is freed

47
Q

What is the function of the palmar fascia?

A

Fibres provide a lattice structure that protects the deep muscles and neurovascular structures of the hand

48
Q

Which muscle of the forearm is continuous with the fascia of the palm?

A

Plantaris longus

49
Q

What are the 5 compartments of the hand from superficial to deep?

A

Thenar compartment
Hypothenar compartment
Lumbricals and long flexor tendons
Adductor compartment
Interosseous compartment

50
Q

What do the thenar muscles form?

A

Fleshy muscle belly - thenar eminence on lateral aspect of the palm

51
Q

What are 3 muscles of the thenar compartment?

A

Flexor pollicus brevis
Opponens pollicus
Abductor pollicus brevis

52
Q

What is A?

A

Flexor pollicus brevis

53
Q

What is B?

A

Abductor pollicus brevis

54
Q

What is C?

A

Opponens pollicus

55
Q

What is the innervation of the thenar muscles?

A

Median nerve except the deep belly of flexor pollicus brevis which is ulnar nerve

56
Q

Which nerve segment from brachial plexus serves to provide most of innervation to thenar muscles?

A

C8

57
Q

What are the muscles in the hypothenar compartment of the hand?

A

Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi
Opponens digiti minimi

58
Q

What nerve innervates the hypothenar muscles?

A

Deep branch of the ulnar nerve

59
Q

Which nerve from the brachial plexus serves to provide most of innervation to the hypothenar muscles?

A

T1

60
Q

What is A?

A

Flexor digiti minimi

61
Q

What is B?

A

Abductor digiti minimi

62
Q

What is C?

A

Oppenens digiti minimi

63
Q

What is the movement of opposition?

A

Movement of the thumb or little finger towards the other fingers

64
Q

Where is the central compartment of the hand muscles?

A

Lying deep to palmar aponeurosis but between thenar and hypothenar eminence

65
Q

What muscles are in the central compartment of the hand?

A

Long flexor tendons - Flexor digitorium superficialis + profundus and flexor pollicus longus
4 lumbricals

66
Q

Where do the lumbricals arise from?

A

Medial and lateral aspects of FDP tendon between 1st to 5th metacarpals

67
Q

What is the function of the lumbricals?

A

Flex the fingers at metacarpophalangeal joints and extend the interphalangeal joints of 2nd to 5th digits

68
Q

What are the 2 medial lumbricals innervated by?

A

Ulnar nerve

69
Q

What are the 2 lateral lumbricals innervated by?

A

Median nerve

MSK - Anatomy (11 decks)

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