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Anatomy 1330/1060 > Upper Limb > Flashcards

Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

cubital fossa or antecubital fossa

A

anterior elbow
5 borders

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2
Q

sternoclavicular joint

A

clavicle articulates with manubrium of sternum

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3
Q

shoulder joint

A

humerus articulates with scapula

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4
Q

elbow joint

A

humerus articulates with radius and ulna

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5
Q

wrist joint

A

carpal bones fill space between radius and ulna proximally and metacarpals distally

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6
Q

axilla

A

triangle space in armpit
packs with fat, veins, arteries, nerves, lymph nodes and tendons

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7
Q

3 neurovascular ‘funnels”

A

axilla, cubital fossa, carpal tunnel

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8
Q

compartment

A

group of muscles contained by fascia
muscles in same compartment typically act synergistically/work together

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9
Q

compartment syndrome

A

build up of pressure and fascial sheaths around the compartment doesn’t stretch, damage and swell
most common in legs and forearm
fix it by fasciotomy/ open up fascia

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10
Q

steps of compartment syndrome

A

trauma/increase blood flow
swelling or bleeding
increase pressure
compressed blood and nerve supply> pain

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11
Q

where do the arteries from the upper limb originate from

A

subclavian arteries
this branches off arch of the aorta of left side to form brachiocephalic trunk then on right side

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12
Q

upper limb pulse points

A

axillary artery (armpit)
brachial artery (bicep or antecubital fossa)
radial artery (wrist radius side)
ulnar artery (wrist ulna side)

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13
Q

order of arteries of the upper limb

A

subclavian artery
axillary artery
brachial artery
radial artery
ulnar artery
palmar arches
Principis pollicis artery
digital arteries

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14
Q

order of deep veins of the upper limb

A

digital vein
prinicipis pollicis vein
palmar arches
ulnar vein
radial vein
brachial vein
axillary vein
subclavian vein

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15
Q

how to tell if blood supply in hand is from radial or ulnar artery

A

index finger

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16
Q

Allen’s test

A

use to determine if patient has an occlusion/blockage or variation in palmar arches

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17
Q

order of superficial veins of the upper limb

A

dorsal venous arch
basilic vein
median cubital vein
cephalic vein
axillary vein

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18
Q

brachial plexus

A

gives branches that innervate the entire upper limb
has motor and sensory fibers

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19
Q

order of the brachial plexus

A

roots, trunks, divisions, cords, branches

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20
Q

roots

A

anterior rami of spinal nerves
c5-c8, and t1

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21
Q

trunks

A

roots combine
superior, middle, inferior

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22
Q

divisions

A

trunks separates to anterior or posterior
deep in clavicle
a,p,a,p,p,a

auntie patricia ate pickle pizza amazingly

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23
Q

cords

A

divisions form theses
names based on position to axillary artery
posterior division form posterior cord
A from superior and middle trunk form lateral cord
A from inferior trunk forms medial cord

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24
Q

branches

A

formed from cords
m is a landmark to find the branches

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25
Q

upper brachial plexus injury

A

proximal muscle affected
weakness/atrophy
lateral hyperextension of neck

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26
Q

lower brachial plexus injury

A

distal muscle affected
hyperextension or hyperabduction of arm

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27
Q

what nerve innervates anterior arm

A

musculocutaneous nerve

more superior spinal levels innervate more proximal vice versa

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28
Q

what nerve innervates anterior forearm

A

median nerve

more superior spinal levels innervate more proximal vice versa

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29
Q

what nerve innervates anterior hand

A

ulnar nerve

more superior spinal levels innervate more proximal vice versa

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30
Q

what nerve innervates posterior deltoid

A

axillary nerve

more superior spinal levels innervate more proximal vice versa

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31
Q

what nerve innervates posterior arm and forearm

A

radial nerve > runs with deep brachial artery posterior to humerus

more superior spinal levels innervate more proximal vice versa

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32
Q

muscles that dorsal scapular nerve innervates

A

rhomboid minor and major
levator scapulae

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33
Q

muscles that long thoracic nerve innervates

A

serratus anterior

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34
Q

muscles that suprascapular nerve innervates

A

supra/infraspinatus

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35
Q

nerves that innervate the posterior wall of axilla

A

upper and lower subscapular nerve
thoracodorsal nerve

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36
Q

nerves that innervate the anterior wall of axilla

A

lateral pectoral nerve
medial pectoral nerve

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37
Q

brachial plexus lesions

A

everything distal is impacted
if c6 vertebral level is cut, everything below wouldn’t work

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38
Q

myotomes assessment

A

c5:arm abd
c6: forearm flex
c7: forearm ext
c8: finger flex
t1:finger add and abd

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39
Q

myotomes

A

groups of muscles innervated by same spinal level

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40
Q

bones of the pectoral girdle

A

humerus, clavicle, scapula

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41
Q

scapula use

A

major landmarks for muscle attachment

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42
Q

palpable surface landmarks on shoulder

A

spine of scapula, inferior angle clavicle

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43
Q

scapulothoracic joint

A

not a real joint
scapula glides on thoracis

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44
Q

scapulothoracic joint moving

A

90 degrees abduction occurs at glenohumeral joint
elevation of scapula >90 degrees uses sternoclavicular joint
max abduction uses lateral rotation of scapula

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45
Q

movements of scapula

A

lateral (upwards) rotation and medial rotation
elevation and depression
pro and retraction

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46
Q

acromioclavicular joint’s ligament

A

acromioclavicular ligament

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47
Q

sternoclavicular joint’s ligaments

A

sternoclavicular ligament
costoclavicular ligament

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48
Q

shoulder separation

A

ligaments resist external force, but can tear as result

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49
Q

glenohumeral labrum

A

cradles head of humerus within glenoid cavity

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50
Q

subacromial space

A

site of impingement of supraspinatus muscle

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51
Q

glenohumeral joint’s ligaments

A

coracohumeral ligament
superior glenohumeral ligament
middle glenohumeral ligament
inferior glenohumeral ligament

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52
Q

bursae

A

a sac of fluid that sits between muscles
prevents friction

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53
Q

glenohumeral joint movements

A

abd add
flex/exten
circumduction
rotation (90degrees at elbow)

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54
Q

shoulder dislocation

A

anterior superior dislocation: push up
inferior dislocation: pulled out

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55
Q

elbow joint’s

A

cubital joint
humeroradial joint
humeroulnar joint
proximal radioulnar joint

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56
Q

elbow ligaments

A

radial collateral ligament (stops abd)
ulnar collateral ligament (stops add)
annular ligament of radius

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57
Q

radial hand subluxation

A

ex. cause y swinging kid
radial head slips under annular ligament

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58
Q

popeyes sign

A

if a tendon tears, bicep brachii will cluster in a ball when flexed

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59
Q

5 borders of cubital fossa

A

superior, lateral, anterior, medial, posterior

60
Q

common forearm injury

A

distal radius (thin)

61
Q

interosseus membrane

A

holds radius and ulna together
vital for force transfer from head to radius and ulna

62
Q

how to name metacarpals

A

roman numerals starting at thumbs

63
Q

wrist ligaments

A

ulnar collateral ligament
ulnocarpal ligament
intercarpal ligaments
radiocarpal ligaments
radial collateral ligament
radioulnar ligaments

64
Q

hand joints

A

distal interphalangeal joints (DIP)
proximal interphalangeal joints (PIP)
metacarpophalangeal joints (MCP)
carpometacarpal joints (CM)

65
Q

where does osteoarthritis usually occur

A

distal interphalangeal joints
proximal interphalangeal joints

66
Q

where does rheumoid arthritis usually occur

A

proximal interphalangeal joints
metacarpophalangeal joints

67
Q

carpal tunnel

A

region where carpal bones incircle tendons that are crossing the wrist

68
Q

flexor retinaculum

A

a fibrous connective tissue band that forms the anterior roof of the carpal tunnel

69
Q

carpometacarpal joint and actions

A

carpals and metacarpals
opposition/reposition
add/abduction
ex/flexion

70
Q

metacarpophalangeal joint and action

A

metacarpals and phalanges
condyloid J
flex/extension
abd/adduction (make L with thumb)

71
Q

interphalangeal joint and actions

A

phalanges with each other
hinge J
flex/extension

72
Q

digital collateral ligaments

A

supports joints of digits

73
Q

how to describe movements of digits

A

midline of hand

74
Q

ulnar nerve

A

superficial and deep branch
innervates medial side of hand
superficial to carpal tunnel (in ulnar canal)

75
Q

median nerve

A

innervates on lateral side of hand
goes through carpal tunnel

76
Q

anatomical ‘snuff box’

A

space at base of thumb
in there can palpate scaphoid bone

77
Q

long thoracic nerve muscle innervated and spinal level

A

serratus anterior m
c5-c7

78
Q

dorsal scapular nerve muscle innervated and spinal level

A

levator scapulae, rhomboid major+ minor
c5

79
Q

suprascapular nerve muscle innervated and spinal level

A

supraspinatus/infraspinatus m
c5-c6

80
Q

medial pectoral nerve muscle innervated and spinal level

A

pect major and minor
c8-t1

81
Q

lateral pectoral nerve muscle innervated and spinal level

A

pect major and minor
c5-c7

82
Q

thoracodorsal nerve muscle innervated and spinal level

A

latissimus dorsi muscle
c6-c8

83
Q

upper subscapular nerve muscle innervated and spinal level

A

subscapularis muscle
c5-c6

84
Q

lower subscapular nerve muscle innervated and spinal level

A

subscapularis, teres major
c5-c6

85
Q

axillary nerve muscle innervated and spinal level

A

deltoid, teres minor
c5-c6

86
Q

radial nerve muscle innervated and spinal level

A

posterior compartment of arm and forearm
c5-c6

87
Q

musculocutaneous nerve muscle innervated and spinal level

A

anterior compartment of arm
c5-c7

88
Q

median nerve muscle innervated and spinal level

A

anterior compartment of forearm and some intrinsic hand
c5-t1

89
Q

ulnar nerve muscle innervated and spinal level

A

some anterior compartment of forearm and intrinsic hand
c8-t1

90
Q

biceps brachii actions and innervation

A

supination, flexion, musculocutaneous nerve

91
Q

coracobrachialis actions and innervation

A

flexion, adduction
musculocutaneous nerve

92
Q

brachialis actions and innervation

A

flexion-elbow
musculocutaneous nerve

93
Q

triceps brachii actions and innervation

A

extension elbow, adduction-shoulder
radial nerve

94
Q

pronator teres, pronator quadratus actions and innervation

A

pronation
median nerve

95
Q

flexor carpi radialis actions and innervation

A

flexion, abduction
medial nerve

96
Q

palmaris longus actions and innervation

A

flexion,
median nerve

97
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris actions and innervation

A

flexion, adduction
ulnar nerve

98
Q

flexor digitorum superficialis actions and innervation

A

finger flexion
median nerve

99
Q

flexor digitorum profundus actions and innervation

A

finger flexion half median and ulnar nerve

100
Q

flexor pollicis longus actions and innervation

A

thumb flexion, medial nerve

101
Q

supinator actions and innervation and compartment

A

supination
radial nerve
posterior compartment

102
Q

extensor carpi radialis longus and extensor carpi radialis brevis actions and innervation

A

extension, abduction
radial nerve

103
Q

extensor carpi ulnaris actions and innervation

A

extension, adduction
radial nerve

104
Q

extensor digitorum actions and innervation

A

finger extension
radial nerve

105
Q

extensor digiti minimi actions and innervation

A

extension 5th digit
radial nerve

106
Q

extensor pollicis longus actions and innervation

A

thumb extension
radial nerve

107
Q

extensor pollicis brevis actions and innervation

A

thumb extension
radial nerve

108
Q

abductor pollicis actions and innervation

A

thumb abduction
radial nerve

109
Q

extensor indices actions and innervation

A

extension 2nd digit
radial nerve

110
Q

anconeus actions and innervation

A

extension elbow
radial nerve

111
Q

brachioradialis actions and innervation

A

flexion elbow
radial nerve

112
Q

abductor pollicis brevis actions and innervation

A

abduction thumb
medial nerve-recurrent

113
Q

flexor pollicis brevis actions and innervation

A

flexion-thumb
median nerve recurrent

114
Q

opponens pollicis actions and innervation

A

opposition-thumb
median nerve recurrent

115
Q

adductor pollicis actions and innervation

A

adduction thumb
ulnar nerve deep branch

116
Q

abduction digiti minimi actions and innervation

A

abduction pinky
ulnar nerve deep branch

117
Q

flexor digiti minimi actions and innervation

A

flexion pinky
ulnar nerve deep branch

118
Q

opponens digiti minimi actions and innervation

A

opposition pinky
ulnar nerve deep branch

119
Q

lumbricals actions and innervation and muscle group

A

flexion MCP, extension IP
ulnar and median nerve
central compartment

120
Q

palmar interossei actions and innervation

A

adduction digits
ulnar nerve

121
Q

dorsal interossei actions and innervation

A

abduction digits
ulnar deep branch

122
Q

palmaris brevis actions and innervation

A

tenses skin of palm
ulnar nerve superficial branch

123
Q

anterior compartment of arm muscle

A

biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, brachialis

124
Q

pronators group muscles and compartment

A

pronator teres and pronator quadratus
anterior compartment

125
Q

wrist flexors muscles and compartment

A

flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris
anterior compartment

126
Q

digit flexors muscles and compartment

A

flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus, flexor pollicis longus
anterior compartment

127
Q

wrist extensors muscles and compartment

A

extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris
posterior compartment

128
Q

digit extensor muscles and compartment

A

extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor pollicis longus and brevis, abductor pollicis, extensor indices

129
Q

thenar eminence muscles

A

abductor pollicis brevis, fexor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis , adductor pollicis

130
Q

hypothenar eminence muscles

A

abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi, opponens digiti minimi

131
Q

interosseus muscles

A

palmar and dorsal interossei

132
Q

subscapularis actions and innervation

A

median rotation
upper/lower subscapular

133
Q

supraspinatus actions and innervation

A

start of abd
suprascapular

134
Q

infraspinatus actions and innervation

A

lat rotation
suprascapular

135
Q

teres minor actions and innervation

A

lat rotation
axillary

136
Q

deltoid actions and innervation

A

abd, rotation, flex/exten
axillary

137
Q

pectoralis major actions and innervation

A

add, med rotation, flex/exten
median/lateral pectoral

138
Q

pectoralis minor actions and innervation

A

protraction
medial/lateral pectoral

139
Q

subclavius actions and innervation

A

stabilization
nerve to subclavius

140
Q

serratus anterior actions and innervation

A

protraction, rotation
long thoracic

141
Q

teres major actions and innervation

A

add, med rotation
lower subscapular

142
Q

latissimus dorsi actions and innervation

A

add, exten, medial rotation
thoracodorsal

143
Q

trapezius actions and innervation

A

ela/depression, retraction, rotation
spinal accessory CN XI

144
Q

levator scapulae actions and innervation

A

elevation
dorsal scapular

145
Q

rhomboid major actions and innervation

A

retraction
dorsal scapular

146
Q

rhomboid minor actions and innervation

A

retraction
dorsal scapular

Anatomy 1330/1060 (6 decks)

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