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Anatomy 1330/1060 > Lower Limb > Flashcards

Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

gluteal region

A

hip

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2
Q

thigh regions

A

made up of anterior, medial and posterior

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3
Q

coxal bone

A

ilium, ischium and pubis
articulates with each other at (anteriorly) pubic symphysis

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4
Q

pelvic girdle

A

formed by sacroiliac joints and pubis symphysis

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5
Q

hip joint

A

acetabulum of coxal bone with head of femur
-ball and socket
-deep socket for more stability
flex/ext, abd/add, lat flex of trunk, circumduction and rotation

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6
Q

sacroiliac joint

A

coxal bones and sacrum
-posterior
supported by sacroiliac ligaments

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7
Q

ilium

A

parts- ala and body
easy to palate iliac crest, ASIS and PSIS
major muscle attachment at gluteal fossa

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8
Q

ischium

A

2 major landmarks for muscle attachment> ischial spine and ischial tuberosity

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9
Q

sciatic notch

A

greater and lesser
-several neurovascular structures pass

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10
Q

pubis

A

in anatomical position ASIS and pubic tubercle are aligned

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11
Q

lumbosacral joint

A

supported by anterior longitudinal ligament and iliolumbar ligaments

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12
Q

pubic symphysis

A

small amount of movement here
-more for stability

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13
Q

open book fracture

A

separation of pubic symphysis
-car accident or child birth

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14
Q

inguinal ligament

A

a tendon

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15
Q

obturator membrane

A

opening between ischium, ilium and pubis

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16
Q

differences between sexes

A

quadricep angle >xx greater than xy
angle of inclination> xy greater than xx- angle of head of femur

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17
Q

common hip injuries

A

dislocation-posterior leg inwards, anterior leg outwards
femoral neck fracture- anterior leg outwards

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18
Q

spiral appearance of hip ligaments

A

medial twisting due to embryological development

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19
Q

fascia of the lower limbs

A

thicker than arms so blood can be pumped up against gravity

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20
Q

gluteal muscles

A

gluteus maximus, medius, minimis
tensor fascia lattae

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21
Q

lateral hip rotators

A

gemellus superior, gemellus inferior, quadratus femoris, piriformis, obturator internus, obturator externus

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22
Q

gluteal maximus actions at hip and innervation

A

extension, lat rotation
inferior gluteal nerve

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23
Q

gluteus medius actions at hip and innervation

A

abduction, rotation
superior gluteal nerve

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24
Q

gluteus minimis actions at hip and innervation

A

abd, rotation
superior gluteal nerve

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25
Q

tensor fascia lattae actions at hip and innervation

A

abd, medial rotation
superior gluteal nerve

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26
Q

gemellus superior and inferior actions at hip and innervation

A

lateral rotation
direct branches from sacral plexus

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27
Q

quadratus femoris actions at hip and innervation

A

lateral rotation
direct branches from sacral plexus

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28
Q

piriformis actions at hip and innervation

A

abd, lat rotation, extension
direct branches from sacral plexus

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29
Q

obturator internus actions at hip and innervation

A

lateral hip rotation
direct branches from sacral plexus
-90 degree turn through lesser sciatic foramen

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30
Q

obturator externus actions at hip and innervation

A

lateral hip rotation
obturator nerve

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31
Q

arteries of lower limb

A

aorta
external iliac a.
femoral a. >deep femoral a. and popliteal a.
deep femoral a.>perforating branches
popliteal a. > anterior tibial a.
posterior tibial a. > fibular a.

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32
Q

location of superior and inferior gluteal a.

A

based on position of piriformis

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33
Q

deep veins of lower limb

A

going down body
external iliac v.
femoral v. >deep femoral v and popliteal v.
popliteal v. > anterior tibial v.
posterior tibial v.

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34
Q

superficial veins of lower limb

A

great saphenous v.
small saphenous v.
dorsal venous arch

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35
Q

lumbosacral plexus

A

l1-s4

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36
Q

lumbar plexus

A

l1-l4
femoral n. l2-l4
obturator n. l2-l4

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37
Q

sacral plexus

A

;4-s4
sciatic n. l4-s3
tibial n. l4-s3
common fibular n. l4-s2

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38
Q

lumbosacral trunk

A

nerve tissues connecting lumbar and sacral plexus

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39
Q

fascia latae

A

stops blood from pooling when thick

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40
Q

bow-legged

A

genu varum
necks point outwards
incorrect alignment of femur and tibia

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41
Q

knock-kneed

A

genu valgum
knees pointed inwards
incorrect alignment of femur and tibia

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42
Q

anterior muscles

A

iliopsoas
rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
vastus intermedius
sartorius

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43
Q

iliopsoas actions and innervation

A

hip flexion, lateral rotation
femoral nerve

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44
Q

rectus femoris actions and innervation

A

hip flexion, knee extension
femoral nerve

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45
Q

vastus lateralis actions and innervation

A

knee extension
femoral nerve

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46
Q

vastus medialis actions and innervation

A

knee extension
femoral nerve

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47
Q

vastus intermedius actions and innervation

A

knee extension
femoral nerve

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48
Q

sartorius actions and innervation

A

hip and knee flexion, lateral rotation
femoral nerve

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49
Q

medial thigh muscles

A

pectineus
adductor longus
adductor brevis
gracilis
adductor magnus- adductor part
adductor magnus- hamstring part

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50
Q

pectineus actions and innervation

A

hip add, lat rotation, flex
femoral nerve

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51
Q

adductor longus actions and innervation

A

hip add, lat rotation, flex
obturator nerve

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52
Q

adductor brevis actions and innervation

A

hip add, lat rotation, flex
obturator nerve

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53
Q

gracilis actions and innervation

A

hip add, knee flexion
obturator nerve.

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54
Q

adduction magnus- adductor part actions and innervation

A

hip adduction
obturator nerve

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55
Q

adductor magnus- hamstring part actions and innervation

A

hip extension
sciatic nerve

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56
Q

posterior thigh muscles

A

semimembranosus
semitendinosus
biceps femoris-long head
biceps femoris-short head

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57
Q

semimembranosus actions and innervation

A

hip extension, knee flexion
sciatic nerve

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58
Q

semitendinosus actions and innervation

A

hip extension, knee flexion
sciatic nerve

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59
Q

biceps femoris-long head actions and innervation

A

hip extension, knee flexion
sciatic nerve

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60
Q

biceps femoris-short head actions and innervation

A

knee flexion
sciatic nerve
doesn’t cross hip

61
Q

femoral triangle

A

has femoral v., a., and n.
3 borders of muscles,
sup-inguinal ligament
medial- adductor longus
lateral-sartorius

62
Q

adductor hiatus

A

empty space within adductor magnus
femoral artery goes through then becomes popliteal artery
popliteal V crosses anteriorly through then becomes femoral vein.

63
Q

tibiofemoral joint

A

femoral condyles and tibial plateau

64
Q

patellofemoral joint

A

patella glides within patellar groove/ trochlea of femur

65
Q

tibiofibular joint

A

tibia and fibula

66
Q

knee joint

A

modified hinge joint
flex/exten, rotation

67
Q

patella dislocation

A

improve tracking of patella in patellar groove

68
Q

patella

A

increase movement of arm and increases force production

69
Q

joint capsule

A

thick and fibrous
protects synovial membrane of knee joint

70
Q

extracapsular ligament

A

lateral collateral ligament
medial collateral ligament
quadriceps tendon
tibiofibular ligament

71
Q

LCL

A

resists adduction/medial force at knee joint

72
Q

MCL

A

resists abduction/lateral force at knee joint

73
Q

anterolateral ligament

A

not true ligament but thickening of joint capsule

74
Q

intracapsular ligament

A

posterior cruciate ligament
anterior cruciate ligament
resist anteroposterior forces and rotational forces

75
Q

mensici

A

cradle and cushions condyles of femur to stabilize them

76
Q

medial meniscus

A

rigid making it vulnerable to tear
attaches to MCL
can tear from force on lateral side of knee

77
Q

unhappy triad

A

tearing medial meniscus, MCL and ACL

78
Q

popliteal fossa

A

border
ant- popliteus
lat-bicep femoris
med-semimembranosus
sciatic n., popliteal a., popliteal v., through here

79
Q

knee lock

A

full extension
stability and preserves muscle efficiency
called screw-home-mechanism
tibia fixed, med rotation of femur

80
Q

knee unlocked

A

tibia fixed, med rotation of femur

81
Q

ankle joint

A

fibula, tibia and tarsal bones

82
Q

tibias uses

A

weight bearing bone of the leg
-bad with lateral forces

83
Q

fibula uses

A

no weight bearing
-used for bone grafts
-vestigial remnant >not needed

84
Q

stress fracture causes and symptoms

A

repetitive impact, muscle weakness or muscle fatigue causing fracture
-localized pain, weight-bearing pain

85
Q

medial tibia stress syndrome

A

repetitive motion, muscle imbalance or muscle inflammation leading to small tears in attachments to bone
-medial tibia pain

86
Q

compartment syndrome

A

repetitive motion, muscle imbalance or muscle inflammation leading to swelling and compression of neurovasculature in compartment
-anterolateral tibial pain, posterior compartment pain

87
Q

ligaments in the leg

A

anterior distal and proximal tibiofibular ligaments
posterior distal and proximal tibiofibular ligaments

88
Q

tarsal bones

A

calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuboid, medial, middle and lateral cuneiforms

89
Q

2nd heart

A

leg muscles b/c pump blood from deep veins by squeezing vein up to heart

90
Q

retinaculum in foot

A

a band of thickened deep fascia around tendons that holds them in place
-flexor and extensor retinaculum

91
Q

muscles of the anterior leg

A

tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, fibularis tertius

92
Q

tibialis anterior actions and innervation

A

ankle dorsiflexion, inversion
deep fibular nerve

93
Q

extensor digitorum longus actions and innervation

A

ankle dorsiflexion, digit extension
deep fibular nerve

94
Q

extensor hallucis longus actions and innervation

A

ankle dorsiflexion, digit extension
deep fibular nerve

95
Q

fibularis tertius actions and innervation

A

ankle dorsiflexion, eversion
deep fibular nerve

96
Q

muscles of the lateral leg

A

fibularis brevis and fibularis longus

97
Q

fibularis brevis actions and innervation

A

ankle flexion, eversion
superficial fibula nerve

98
Q

fibularis longus actions and innervation

A

ankle flexion, eversion
superficial fibula nerve

99
Q

deep posterior leg muscles

A

tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, popliteus

100
Q

tibialis posterior action and innervation

A

ankle plantarflexion, inversion
tibial nerve

101
Q

flexor hallucis longus action and innervation

A

ankle plantarflexion, inversion, digit flexion
tibial nerve

102
Q

flexor digitorum longus action and innervation

A

ankle plantarflexion, inversion, digit flexion
tibial nerve

103
Q

popliteus action and innervation

A

knee rotation
tibial nerve

104
Q

superficial posterior leg muscles

A

plantaris, gastrocnemius, soleus

105
Q

plantaris action and innervation

A

ankle plantarflexion, proprioception
tibial nerve

106
Q

gastrocnemius action and innervation

A

ankle plantarflexion, knee flexion
tibial nerve

107
Q

soleus action and innervation

A

ankle plantarflexion
tibial nerve

108
Q

extensor muscles for the first digit

A

extensor digitorum longus

109
Q

extensor muscles for the 2-5 digit

A

extensor hallucis longus

110
Q

flexor muscles for the first digit

A

flexor hallucis longus

111
Q

flexor muscles for the 2-5 digit

A

flexor digitorum longus

112
Q

actions of the ankle joint

A

dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, inversion, eversion

113
Q

ankle joint

A

subtalar joint
talocrural joint
distal tibiofibular joint

114
Q

talocrural joint type of joint

A

hinge J

115
Q

subtalar joint type of joint

A

gliding joint

116
Q

ligaments of the ankle

A

anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments
anterior and posterior talofibular ligament
calcaneofibular ligament
deltoid ligament

117
Q

high ankle sprain

A

tearing distal tibiofibular ligaments
often with fibular fracture
more pain with dorsiflexion

118
Q

ankle inversion sprain

A

-severe inversion
-tear in anterior talofibular ligament and calcaneofibular ligament

119
Q

evulsion fraction

A

strong force causes ligament and tendon to break off a piece of its boney attachment

120
Q

proximal and distal interphalangeal joints

A

hinge
-between phalanges

121
Q

metatarsophalangeal joints

A

condyloid
metatarsal and phalange

122
Q

tarsometatarsal joints

A

gliding
tarsals and metatarsals

123
Q

uses of arches of foot and names

A

displace body weight and absorbs shock
lateral and medial longitudinal arch
transverse arch

124
Q

pes planus

A

flat feet
weak tendosn and long ligaments
back of ankle )(

125
Q

pes carvus

A

high arches
back of ankle ()

126
Q

foot actions

A

flex/exten
abd and add
midline is 2nd digit

127
Q

muscles of the first layer of the foot

A

flexor digitorum brevis, abductor hallucis, abductor digiti minimi

128
Q

flexor digitorum brevis actions and innervation

A

flexion digits 2-5
medial plantar nerve

129
Q

abductor hallucis actions and innervation

A

abd digit 1
medial plantar nerve

130
Q

abductor digiti minimi actions and innervation

A

abd digit 5
lateral nerve

131
Q

muscles of the second layer of the foot

A

quadtratus plantae, lumbricals

132
Q

quadtratus plantae actions and innervation

A

assists flexor digitorum longus
plantar nerve

133
Q

lumbricals actions and innervation

A

flexion MTP, extension IP
lateral plantar digit 3-5, medial plantar 2

134
Q

muscles of the third layer of the foot

A

flexor hallucis brevis, adductor hallucis, flexor digiti minimi

135
Q

flexor hallucis brevis action and innervation

A

flexion digit 1
medial plantar, lateral plantar nerve

136
Q

adductor hallucis action and innervation

A

adduction digit 1
lateral nerve

137
Q

flexor digiti minimi action and innervation

A

flexion digit 5
lateral nerve

138
Q

muscles of the fourth layer of the foot

A

plantar interossei, dorsal interossei, opponens digiti minimi

139
Q

plantar interossei action and innervation

A

add digit 3-5
plantar nerve

140
Q

dorsal interossei action and innervation

A

abd digit 2-4
plantar nerve

141
Q

opponens digiti minimi action and innervation

A

opposition digit 5
plantar nerve

142
Q

muscles of the dorsal group

A

extensor digitorum brevis, extensor hallucis brevis

143
Q

extensor digitorum brevis action and innervation

A

extension digit 2-4
deep fibular nerve

144
Q

extensor hallucis brevis action and innervation

A

extension digit 1
deep fibular nerve

145
Q

plantar aponeurosis

A

anchors skin of bottom of foot to deeper structures so skin doesn’t slide
supports longitudinal arches

146
Q

plantar fasciitis

A

inflamed or torn plantar plantar aponeurosis
usually near heel

147
Q

structures that pass through greater sciatic foramen and less sciatic foramen

A

superior- superior gluteal n. and a.
inferior- inferior gluteal n. and a.

148
Q

where does the deep fibular nerve innervate- dorsal side of foot

A

skin between 1st and 2nd digit

Anatomy 1330/1060 (6 decks)

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