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Anatomy 1330/1060 > Anatomy intro > Flashcards

Anatomy intro Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomical position

A

hands supinated, arms at side, head up

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2
Q

types of planes and the sides

A

frontal/coronal-anterior, posterior
sagittal-left, right
transverse- superior, inferior

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3
Q

types of axis

A

sagittal (stab)
frontal/coronal (flip)
longitudinal (spin)

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4
Q

types of anatomical sections

A

longitudinal (I)
transverse (-)
oblique (/)

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5
Q

superior/inferior

A

upper/lower section

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6
Q

ant/posterior

A

front/back

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7
Q

medial/lateral

A

towards midline/ away from midline

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8
Q

proximal/distal

A

close to PofA/away from PofA

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9
Q

central/peripheral

A

core/away from core

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10
Q

bilateral/unilateral

A

on both sides/ only on one side

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11
Q

Ipsilateral/contralateral

A

same side/diff side

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12
Q

dorsal/palmar

A

back/front
hands

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13
Q

dorsal/plantar

A

top/bottom
feet

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14
Q

basal/apical

A

bottom/top

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15
Q

cranial cavities

A

space within head

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16
Q

thoracic

A

chest

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17
Q

abdominopelvis cavity

A

abdomen + pelvis

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18
Q

costal margin

A

bottom border of ribs

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19
Q

inguinal ligament

A

from hip bone to pubic bone

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20
Q

umbilicus

A

4 quadrents (upper l/r, lowe l/r
between costal margin and inguinal ligament

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21
Q

axillary region

A

armpit

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22
Q

arm and forearm

A

shoulder to elbow
elbow to wrist

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23
Q

gluteal region and leg

A

hip and bum
knee to ankle

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24
Q

frontal plane movements

A

lateral flexion, ab/adduction (add to body), elevation/depression, in/eversion (inversion toes in)

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25
Q

sagittal plane movements

A

flex/extension (for shoulder flex arms in front), dorsi/plantar flex ( plan down)

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26
Q

transverse plane movements

A

pro/retraction, internal/external rotation (shoulder- in is to midline), sup/pronation, ad/ab of digits

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27
Q

opposition and reposition of thumb

A

o-thumb touches another finger
r- return to anatomical position

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28
Q

compound movements

A

alot of diff movements at once

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29
Q

muscular system components

A

muscles, tendons, motor units

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30
Q

muscular system functions

A

skeletal movement, maintain position + posture, open and close orifice, homeostasis

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31
Q

Skeletal system components

A

bones, cartilage, ligaments

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32
Q

skeletal system functions

A

support, protection, blood cell production, mineral storage

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33
Q

2 main parts of skeleton

A

axial and appendicular

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34
Q

axial skeleton

A

skull, hyoid bone, vertebral column, ribs sternum

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35
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

pectoral girdle (scapula, clavicle)
pelvis girdle (ilium, ischium, pubis)
limbs

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36
Q

radius and ulna location

A

u-medial, r-lateral

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37
Q

parts of skull

A

viscerocranium and neurocranium

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38
Q

viscerocranium

A

14
maxilla bone 2, nasal bone 2, lacrimal bone 2, inferior nasal conchae 2, vomer bone, zygomatic bone 2, mandible, palatine bone 2

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39
Q

neurocranium

A

8
frontal bone
parietal bone 2
occipital bone
sphenoid bone
ethnoid bone
temporal bone 2

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40
Q

cranial sutures

A

coronal, sagittal, lambdoid, squamoid suture

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41
Q

weakest part of skull

A

pterion

teh·ree·aan

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42
Q

neonatal skull

A

fontanels (soft) for birth and brain growth
-small vis, large neuro

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43
Q

neonatal skull sutures

A

anterior, posterior, aterolateral fontanels, posterolateral fontanels

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44
Q

floating bone

A

hyoid bone

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45
Q

spinal column in order

A

7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
sacrum (5 fused)
coccyx 3-5)
=23
intervertebral disc’s are between each

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46
Q

altas

A

cI
atlanto-occipital joint> flex/ex

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47
Q

axis

A

cII
atlanto-axial joint
rotation

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48
Q

epiphyseal plates

A

growth plate
closes to become epiphyseal line

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49
Q

secondary ossification center

A

distal ends of bones

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50
Q

cortical bone

A

hard bone covering long bones

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51
Q

trabecular bone

A

porous bone at epiphysis

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52
Q

osteoblasts

A

bone production

53
Q

osteoclasts

A

bone absorption

54
Q

life ratio of osteoclasts vs. blasts

A

birth more blast
teens and mid age =
old more clasts

55
Q

ages affects on bones

A

decrease bone mass and increase brittleness

56
Q

osteoporosis

A

more porous bones

57
Q

simple fracture

A

bone breaks

58
Q

compound fracture

A

bine pierces skin

59
Q

greenstick fracture

A

1 side bent other breaks

60
Q

epiphyseal fracture

A

break at epiphyseal plate

61
Q

depressed fracture

A

collaspses in

62
Q

compression fracture

A

compression causes break

63
Q

comminuted fracture

A

more than 2 pieces

64
Q

types of bones

A

long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid

65
Q

long bone function

A

structure and mobility

66
Q

short bone function

A

support, stability

67
Q

flat bone function

A

protect, muscle attachment

68
Q

irregular bone function

A

muscle attachment, protection

69
Q

sesamoid bone function

A

in tendon
protection, increase movement

70
Q

attachments

A

projections that is an anchor point for muscle tendons and fibrous ligaments

71
Q

epicondyle

A

projection above condyle

72
Q

process

A

projection

73
Q

fossa

A

shallow depression

74
Q

tubercle

A

rounded projection

75
Q

tuberosity

A

rough projection

76
Q

line

A

linear elevated ridge

77
Q

trochanter

A

large blunt elevation

78
Q

depressions, holes and opening’s functions

A

paths for nerves arteries and veins

79
Q

foramen

A

hole

80
Q

notch

A

indent on edge of bone

81
Q

groove

A

elongated depression

82
Q

meatus

A

canal

83
Q

fissure

A

natural separation of bone

84
Q

sinus

A

cavity

85
Q

joint

A

2 or more bone articulation

86
Q

solid joint

A

almost fused, little movement, connective tissues

87
Q

synovial joint

A

alot of movement, joint cavity, fluid filled

88
Q

fibrous joint

A

syndesmosis thick ligament
-sutures

89
Q

gomphosis

A

socket for teeth

90
Q

cartilaginous joint

A

-symphysis cartilage disk
synchondrosis hyaline cartilage
bone fuses into cartilage

91
Q

synovial joint parts

A

articular discs- deeper socket
fat pads- cushion
bursae
tendinous synovial sheaths- fluid filed around tendton

92
Q

uniaxial joints

A

pivot (c1,2) hinge (interphalange J)

93
Q

biaxial joints

A

planar, saddle, condyloid

94
Q

multiaxial joints

A

ball and socket

95
Q

superior thoracis aperture

A

opening for neck in the thoracis cage

96
Q

inferior thoracis aperture

A

bottom opening in the thoracis cage
space for diaphragm
costal margin

97
Q

ribs

A

12
7 true (attached ant/post side)
8-10 false (fuses to cartilage)
11-12 floating (no anterior attachment

98
Q

cervical spine foramen use

A

vertebral artery, vein and sympathetic nerves can pass

99
Q

types cartilage

A

elastic cartilage, fibrocartilage, hyaline cartilage

100
Q

elastic cartilage

A

specialized tissue with elastic fibres
strong + elasticity
ex. epiglottis, laryngeal cartilage

101
Q

hyaline cartilage

A

most, weakest
smooth for glide, flexibility + support synovial joint
ex. articular cartilage, trachae, epiphyseal plates

102
Q

fibrocartilage

A

durable, shock absorber, ^ Ca
joint support + cushioning
-dense connective tissue
-disc like
ex. interevertebral discs, pubic symphysis

103
Q

main cell in cartilage

A

chondrocytes

104
Q

hyaline cartilage- synovial joints

A

-viscoelastic connective tissue-
-distributes load
-avascular
-load on hyaline cartilage causes interstitial fluid in cartilage moves out, load remove new fluid goes back in

105
Q

types of arthritis

A

osteoarthritis and rheumatoid

106
Q

osteoarthritis

A

loss of hyaline cartilage > wear and fear
-bone to bone contact
most common

107
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

severe inflammation of synovial cavity
fibrous tissue infiltration >fuses joint
autoimmune disease
common in multiple joints

108
Q

factors affecting range motion

A

shape + arrangement of articulating surface > extra structure (labrum)
ligaments crossing joint (^ligament= ^stable)
surrounding muscles

109
Q

types of ligament injuries

A

sprains
grade 1:stretching or slighter
grade 2: incomplete tear
grade 3: complete tear>sometimes surgery

110
Q

types of muscle injuries

A

strains
grade 1:stretching or slighter
grade 2: incomplete tear
grade 3: complete tear>sometimes surgery

111
Q

types of muscles

A

skeletal, smooth cardiac

112
Q

characteristics of skeletal muscles

A

striated
with myosin and actin
voluntary
all pull no push

113
Q

characteristics of smooth muscles

A

found in blood, skin
not striated
involuntary

114
Q

characteristics of cardiac muscles

A

heart
striated
involuntary

115
Q

fascia

A

surround muscle and limit exposure

116
Q

basic muscle properties

A

electrical excitability
contractility
extensibility
elasticity

117
Q

actin

A

thin filament

118
Q

myosin

A

thick filament

119
Q

sarcomere

A

made up of actin and myosin
basic contractile unit of muscle fiber
actin+ myosin = concentric contraction
apart eccentric contraction

120
Q

contralateral control

A

left side of brain controls right side of body vice versa

121
Q

motor unit

A

1 neuron and all muscle fibers it innervates
neurons can innervate same muscle different motor unit

122
Q

origins

A

immobile attachments
proximal

123
Q

insertions

A

mobile attachment
distal

124
Q

phasic contractions

A

isometric: muscle contracts, doesn’t shorten

125
Q

isotonic contractions

A

concentric: muscle shorten
eccentric: muscle lengths

126
Q

agonist

A

primary mover
concentric

127
Q

antagonist

A

resist the agonist
eccentric

128
Q

synergist

A

additional muscle that helps agonist
concentric

129
Q

aging and muscle atrophy

A

progressive muscle lose after 30
muscle mass replaced by fibrous connective tissue and adipose/fat

Anatomy 1330/1060 (6 decks)

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