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Anatomy 1330/1060 > Trunk and Thorax > Flashcards

Trunk and Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

Trunk regions

A

deep back, thoracic cage and abdominal wall

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2
Q

movement of the spinal column

A

occurs at zygapophyseal and intervertebral joints

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3
Q

nuchal ligament

A

stabilizes the head to maintain proper neck posture

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4
Q

where do spinal nerves go

A

spinal nerves exist vertebral canal via intervertebral foramen and splits into anterior and posterior rami

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5
Q

path of spinal nerves

A

anterior and posterior rootlets combine to form ant. and post. roots. Then the roots combine to form spinal nerve. Spinal nerve then split into ant. and post. rami

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6
Q

joints at ribs

A

ribs elevate or depress at costotransverse and costo-vertebral joints

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7
Q

inspiration

A

depression of diaphragm and elevation of ribs
increase volume of thoracic cavity

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8
Q

exhalation

A

depression of ribs and elevation of diaphragm
decrease volume of thoracic cavity

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9
Q

trunk movements

A

flexion, extension, rotation, lateral flexion

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10
Q

superficial intrinsic muscles

A

serratus and splenius

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11
Q

muscles that make up the serratus muscle group

A

serratus posterior superior and serratus posterior inferior

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12
Q

serratus posterior superior actions and innervation

A

elevation of ribs
anterior rami

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13
Q

serratus posterior inferior actions and innervation

A

depression of ribs
anterior rami

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14
Q

muscles that make up the splenius muscle group

A

splenius capitis and splenius cervicis

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15
Q

splenius capitis action and innervation

A

extension, lateral flexion, rotation of head and neck
posterior rami

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16
Q

splenius cervicis action and innervation

A

extension, lateral flexion, rotation of head and neck
posterior rami

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17
Q

intermediate intrinsic

A

erector spinae

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18
Q

deep intrinsic

A

transversospinalis and segmentals

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19
Q

muscles that make up the erector spinae muscle group

A

iliocostalis, longissimus, splinalis

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20
Q

muscles that make up the transversospinalis muscle group

A

semispinalis, multifidis, rotatores

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21
Q

muscles that make up the segmentals muscle group

A

interspinales, levatores costerum, intertransversarii

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22
Q

iliocostalis action and innervation

A

extension, lateral flexion of spine
posterior rami

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23
Q

longissimus action and innervation

A

extension, lateral flexion of spine
posterior rami

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24
Q

splinalis action and innervation

A

extension, lateral flexion of spine
posterior rami

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25
Q

semispinalis action and innervation

A

extension, lateral flexion, rotation, stabilization, proprioception of spine
posterior rami

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26
Q

multifidis action and innervation

A

extension, lateral flexion, rotation, stabilization, proprioception of spine
posterior rami

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27
Q

rotatores action and innervation

A

extension, lateral flexion, rotation, stabilization, proprioception of spine
posterior rami

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28
Q

interspinales action and innervation

A

extension, stabilization of spine
posterior rami

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29
Q

levatores costerum action and innervation

A

elevation of ribs
posterior rami

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30
Q

intertransversarii action and innervation

A

lateral flexion, stabilization of spine
anterior rami

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31
Q

deep anterior neck

A

prevertebral, scalene

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32
Q

deep posterior neck

A

suboccipital

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33
Q

muscles that make up the prevertebral muscle group

A

longus coli, longus capitis, rectus capitis anterior, rectus capitis lateralis

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34
Q

muscles that make up the scalene muscle group

A

anterior scalene, middle scalene, posterior scalene

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35
Q

muscles that make up the suboccipital muscle group

A

rectus capitis posterior major, rectus capitis posterior minor, obliquus capitis superior, obliquus capitis inferior

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36
Q

longus coli action and innervation

A

flexion, latera flexion of head and neck
anterior rami

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37
Q

longus capitis action and innervation

A

flexion, latera flexion of head and neck
anterior rami

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38
Q

rectus capitis anterior action and innervation

A

flexion, latera flexion of head and neck
anterior rami

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39
Q

rectus capitis lateralis action and innervation

A

flexion, latera flexion of head and neck
anterior rami

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40
Q

anterior scalene action and innervation

A

flexion, lateral flexion of neck, elevation of ribs
anterior rami

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41
Q

middle scalene action and innervation

A

flexion, lateral flexion of neck, elevation of ribs
anterior rami

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42
Q

posterior scalene action and innervation

A

flexion, lateral flexion of neck, elevation of ribs
anterior rami

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43
Q

rectus capitis posterior major action and innervation

A

extension, lateral flexion, rotation of head
c1 posterior ramus

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44
Q

rectus capitis posterior minor action and innervation

A

extension, lateral flexion, rotation of head
c1 posterior ramus

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45
Q

obliquus capitis superior action and innervation

A

extension, lateral flexion, rotation of head
c1 posterior ramus

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46
Q

obliquus capitis inferior action and innervation

A

extension, lateral flexion, rotation of head
c1 posterior ramus

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47
Q

myodural bridge

A

connective tissues that connects muscles and dura mater

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48
Q

chronically poor neck posture

A

can shorten muscles causing headaches and pain

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49
Q

thoracic outlet syndrome

A

pain from compression of brachial plexus and subclavian artery

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50
Q

pleura

A

anchors lungs to body wall

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51
Q

quiet respiration

A

breathing at rest
diaphragm is primary muscle of respiration

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52
Q

diaphragm contracts during quiet respiration

A

flattens, depresses abdominal contents, increase space, air rushes in lungs

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53
Q

diaphragm relaxes during quiet respiration

A

lungs recoil, air rushes out

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54
Q

exertion

A

needs more lung V so more air rushes in lungs
ribs and sternum are elevated to help

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55
Q

diaphragm

A

domed muscles that inserts on itself
right dome is higher because of liver

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56
Q

caval hiatus

A

inferior vena cava (T8)

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57
Q

esophageal hiatus

A

esophagus T10

58
Q

aortic hiatus

A

aorta T12

59
Q

phrenic nerve

A

innervates diaphragm
starts c3-5
carries somatic and sensory info which confuses brain >referred pain

60
Q

paradoxical breathing

A

injured phrenic nerve
-elevation of diaphragm on affected side

61
Q

thoracic cage muscle groups

A

intercostals and internal thoracic muscles

62
Q

intercostals muscles

A

external intercostals, internal intercostals, innermost intercostals,

63
Q

internal thoracic muscles

A

transversus thoracis, subcostals

64
Q

external intercostals action and innervation

A

elevation of ribs
intercostal nerve

65
Q

internal intercostals action and innervation

A

depression of ribs
intercostal nerve

66
Q

innermost intercostals action and innervation

A

depression of ribs
intercostal nerve

67
Q

transversus thoracis action and innervation

A

depression of ribs
intercostal nerve

68
Q

subcostals action and innervation

A

depression of ribs
intercostal nerve

69
Q

diaphragm action and innervation

A

inspiration
phrenic nerve

70
Q

abdominal wall muscle groups

A

anterolateral abdominal wall
posterior abdominal wall

71
Q

anterolateral abdominal wall muscles

A

rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, transversus oblique

72
Q

posterior abdominal wall muscles

A

quadratus lumborum, psoas minor, psoas major, iliacus

73
Q

rectus abdominis action and innervation

A

flexion of spine
anterior rami

74
Q

external oblique action and innervation

A

flexion, rotation and lateral flexion of spine
anterior rami
aponeurosis become inguinal ligament

75
Q

internal oblique action and innervation

A

flexion, rotation and lateral flexion of spine
anterior rami
above arcuate line

76
Q

transversus oblique action and innervation

A

increase abdominal pressure
anterior rami

77
Q

quadratus lumborum action and innervation

A

extension, lateral flexion of spine
anterior rami

78
Q

psoas minor action and innervation

A

flexion of spin (minimal)
anterior rami

79
Q

psoas major action and innervation

A

hip flexion
femoral nerve

80
Q

iliacus action and innervation

A

hip flexion
femoral nerve

81
Q

intercostal neurovascular bundle

A

intercostal v, a, and nerve found between internal and innermost intercostal muscle

82
Q

intercostal nerves

A

extension of thoracic anterior rami
numbered based on vertebra they emerge below

83
Q

herpes zoster virus

A

shingles, chicken pox virus
dormant within spinal nerve
doesn’t cross midline

84
Q

above vs below arcuate line

A

abdominal oblique aponeuroses splits in anterior and posterior rectus sheaths
below- all layers become anterior rectus sheath, no posterior rectus sheaths

85
Q

diastasis recti

A

separation of rectus abdominis muscle at linea alba
-caused by abdominal straining
ex. pregnancy or increase levels of visceral fat

86
Q

middle mediastinum

A

where you find heart
and all associated neurovasculature

87
Q

fibrous pericardium

A

protect and frictionless space

88
Q

anterior mediastinum

A

small and narrow space
has thymus gland

89
Q

pericardium

A

allows heart to beat here to reduce friction

90
Q

layers of pericardium

A

outermost to inner
fibrous pericardium
parietal layer
visceral layer

91
Q

hilum

A

also called root
marks lateral borders of mediastinum

92
Q

phrenic nerves and vagus position

A

in front of hilum
vagus nerve behind hilum

93
Q

recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

branch of vagus nerve
innervates laryngeal muscles
used as evidence of evolution from fish

94
Q

right and left vagus nerve

A

twists with esophageal plexus and becomes anterior and posterior vagal trunks

95
Q

constriction of esophagus

A

caused by aorta cross with it several times

96
Q

orientation of the heart

A

twisted and leaned-back (L vent. posterior, R vent. anterior

97
Q

sulci

A

grooves on the heart
coronary artery and cardiac vein travel here

98
Q

anastomoses

A

connection of 2 blood vessels

99
Q

normal coronary artery dominance

A

right dominate

100
Q

myocardial infarction

A

blockage of coronary artery
-build up of plack

101
Q

fossa ovalis

A

in utero foramen ovale shunts o2 blood from placenta into L atrium
-closes off

102
Q

trabeculae carneae

A

keeps blood turbulent so it doesn’t clot

103
Q

semilunar vales

A

aorta, pulmonary artery
-in vessels

104
Q

atrioventricular valves

A

tri + bicuspid
-chambers

105
Q

signal path in heart

A

1) SA node
2) AV node
3) atrioventricular bundle
4)left bundle branch
5)purkinje fibers

106
Q

septomarginal band

A

helps coordinate vent. and papillary muscle contractions

107
Q

cardiac plexus

A

S and PS fibers
-leads to referred pain

108
Q

angina

A

chest and shoulder pain b/c of reduced blood flow to heart

109
Q

systole

A

ventricles contract

110
Q

diastole

A

ventricles relax

111
Q

zones of respiratory system

A

conducting and respiratory zone

112
Q

conducting zone

A

passage ways that transport, filters, humidifies air

113
Q

respiratory zone

A

gas exchange

114
Q

lower respiratory system

A

trachea, lungs, pleura, diaphragm

115
Q

mucosa

A

warms, filters, humidifies air
-lines paranasal sinuses
-olfactory epithelium

116
Q

paranasal sinuses

A

-decreases skull weight
-mucosal functions
-resonance chambers
-sinuses grow with age

117
Q

lacrimal gland

A

-tears

118
Q

hiatuses

A

allow air to enter paranasal sinus
-drains mucus

119
Q

thyrohyoid membrane

A

anchors hyoid bone and larynx together

120
Q

larynx

A

narrows or widens the rima glottis for breathing and speech
elevation of larynx, decreases resonance chamber >raising pitch
depressing, increases resonance chamber > lowers pitch

121
Q

regulation of pitch

A

cricothyroid and thyroarytenoid muscle

122
Q

pleura

A

serous/ fluid filled membrane
-pleura cavity decrease pressure
-parietal and visceral layer

123
Q

parietal pleura

A

-body wall
-becomes visceral at hilum

124
Q

pleura recesses

A

lower areas that draw lungs in during inspiration

125
Q

dyspnea

A

shortness of breath

126
Q

pneumothorax

A

air in chest cavity and creates pressure causing collapse lung

127
Q

pleura effusion

A

fluid in pleura cavity

128
Q

hemothorax

A

blood in pleural cavity

129
Q

innervation of visceral pleura

A

innervated by ANS, no pain

130
Q

innervation of parietal pleura

A

innervated by somatic nervous system

131
Q

Right vs. left lung

A

left- 2 lobes (superior and inferior), cardiac notch
right- 3 lobes (superior, middle and inferior)

132
Q

tracheobronchial tree

A

trachea> 2 primary bronchi > 2 L secondary bronchi, 3 right, 20 tertiary bronchi (10/lung)

133
Q

pneumonectomy

A

remove whole lung

134
Q

lobectomy

A

remove whole lobe

135
Q

segmentectomy

A

remove individual segments of lung

136
Q

Artery and vein that supplies lungs

A

bronchial A and V

137
Q

gas exchange

A

high to low P
-o2 to cap.
-co2 to alveolus

138
Q

lymphathic drainage

A

1)pulmonary
2) hilar
3)tracheobronchial
4) bronchomediastinal

139
Q

largest lymphatic vessel

A

thoracic duct

140
Q

PSNS vs. SNS innervation of lungs

A

PSNS> bronchoconstriction and increase mucus production
SNS>bronchodilation

Anatomy 1330/1060 (6 decks)

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