Upper Limb Flashcards
What forms the Pectoral girdle?
Scapula and clavicle
Attach upper limb to axial skeleton (trunk)
What are the anterior muscles of the Pectoral girdle?
- Subclavius
- Pectoralis minor
- Pectoralis major (extrinsic shoulder)
What are the 4 posterior muscles of the Pectoral girdle?
Extrinsic shoulder muscle?
- Levator scapulae
- Trapezius
- Rhomboid major
- Rhomboid minor
Extrinsic: latissimus dorsi
What is the axilla?
A passage way for neurovascular structures between the trunk and the upper limb (the arm pit)
What are the characteristics of the glenohumeral joint?
Most mobile, largest and least stable joint of upper limb
Ball and socket synovial joint
What does the axilla contain?
- axillary artery
- axillary vein
- axilary lymph nodes
- brachial plexus
what forms the apex boundary of the axilla?
cervico-axillary canal between clavicle and the first rib
what forms the floor boundary of the axilla?
axillary fascia and skin between the upper arm and lateral thoracic wall
Which muscles form the anterior wall boundary of the axilla?
pectoralis major and pectoralis minor
Which muscles form the posterior wall boundary of the axilla?
subscapularis, latissimus dorsi and teres major
what forms the lateral wall boundary of the axilla?
humerus
what forms the medial wall boundary of the axilla?
lateral thoracic wall
Roots of which spinal nerves give rise to the brachial plexus?
C5-C8 and T1
these provide almost all the nerve supply to the upper limb
What are the 5 main terminal branches of the brachial plexus?
- Musculocutaneous nerve
- Axillary nerve
- Median nerve
- Radian nerve
- Ulnar nerve
Where does the musculocutaneous supply?
Anterior (upper) arm muscles
Where does the axillary nerve supply?
Shoulder - deltoid and teres minor
Where does the median nerve supply
anterior forearm muscles, 1st 3 and half digits
Where does the radian nerve supply?
posterior arm and forearm muscles, dorsal hand and lateral palm
where does the ulnar nerve supply?
last 1 and half didgits, medial palm
what liagament joins the acromium to the clavicle?
acromioclavicular ligament
what ligament joins the clavicle to the coracoid process?
conoid ligamnet (comes off of the conoid tubercle)
What runs through the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus?
Long head of the biceps branchii tendon
It is covered by synovial sheath
What do the anterior compartment muscles do to the glenohumeral and elbow joints?
flex (arm flexors)
What do the posterior compartment muscles do to the glenohumeral and elbow joints?
extend (arm extensors)
Name the upper arm flexors
- Biceps branchii - (long and short head)
- Branchialis
- Coraco-branchialis
(ALL ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT)
Name the upper arm extendors
Triceps branchii
- long head
- medial head
- lateral head
(ALL POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT)
Moving palm anteriorly is what?
Supination
Moving palm posteriorly is?
Pronation
What hapens to the radius during pronation?
The distal end of the radius moves medially over the ulna
what is found inbetween the radius and ulna?
interosseous membrane
Anterior compartment of the forearm
- Fexors and pronators
- 3 Sub groups; superficial, intermdiate and deep
Posterior compartment of the forearm
- Extendors and supinators
- 3 sub groups: superficial, deep and radialis
Moving hand away from wrist is called …
Extension
Moving hand towards wrist is called…
flexion
moving the wrist laterally is called…
radial deviation
moving the wrist medially during adduction is called…
ulner deviation
