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Anatomy And Medical Imaging > Introduction To Anatomy > Flashcards

Introduction To Anatomy Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Which plane goes through the body horizontally?

A

Transverse plan

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2
Q

Which plane cuts through the side of the body to give anterior and posterior aspect?

A

Coronal plane

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3
Q

Which plane cuts through the centre of the body?

A

Sagittal plane

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4
Q

The position where a patient is lying face up is called?

A

Supine

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5
Q

Position of patient laying on stomach is called?

A

Prone

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6
Q

What is the word for one side only?

A

Unilateral

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7
Q

Word for both sides ie paired

A

Bilateral

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8
Q

Something occurring on same side of body as another structure

A

Ipsilateral

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9
Q

Something occurring on opposite sides to other structure

A

Contralateral

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10
Q

What is movement of arm forward and leg backwards called?

A

Flexion

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11
Q

What is movement of arm out (and up) and leg forward called?

A

Extension

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12
Q

Moving arms towards body is called

A

Adduction

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13
Q

Moving arm away from body is called

A

Abduction

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14
Q

Movment of foot laterally is called

A

Lateral rotation

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15
Q

Movement of foot inwards is called

A

Medial rotation

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16
Q

Moving foot and toes up is called

A

Dorsiflexion

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17
Q

Moving foot down to the ground is called

A

Planter flexion

18
Q

Moving hand so palm faces anteriorly is called

A

Supination

19
Q

Moving hand so dorsal part faces anatomically

A

Pronation

20
Q

How are the abdominal and pelvis quadrants split?

A

Into 4 quadrants

Right being my right and left my left

Upper and lower

21
Q

What does the right upper quadrant contain?

A

Liver
Gall bladder

22
Q

What does the left upper quadrant contain?

A

Stomach

23
Q

What does the right lower quadrant contain

A

Appendix

24
Q

What does the left lower quadrant contain?

A

Sigmoid

25
Q

How many regions are there of the abdomen and pelvis?

A

9

26
Q

How are the abdominopelvic regions split?

A

Two midclavicular planes (vertical)

A subcostal plane (horizontal)
A intertubercular plane (horizontal)

27
Q

Learn the 9 regions

A

Image saved on phone

28
Q

What are the 2 body cavities?

A

Dorsal cavity

Ventral cavity

29
Q

What is the dorsal cavity lined by?

A

Meninges

Dura, arachnoid, pia matter

30
Q

What does the dorsal cavity protect?

A

Cranial cavity (contains brain)

Vertebral cavity (contains spinal cord)

31
Q

What is the ventral cavity lined by?

A

Pleura and peritoneum

32
Q

What does the ventral cavity include?

A

Thoracic cavity (heart and lungs)

Diaphragm

Abdominal cavity (digestive viscera)

Pelvic cavity (bladder, reproductive organs and rectum)

33
Q

X rays

A

Single burst of x rays

2d image

Effective for bone identification

Radiation

34
Q

CT (computed tomography)

A

Moving x rays beam

Computer generated images from multiple images

Used for bones and soft tissue imaging

Radiation

35
Q

PET Scans (positron emission tomography)

A

3d image

Often combined with CT and MRI

work by detecting how well certain part of body is working

Fluorodeoxyglucose most used radiotrace

36
Q

PET Scans (positron emission tomography)

A

3d image

Often combined with CT and MRI

work by detecting how well certain part of body is working

Fluorodeoxyglucose most used radiotracer

Can identify cancer as use glucose faster

Radiation risk

Radiotracer leaves body in few hours

37
Q

MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)

A

Uses strong magnetic fields and radiowaves - detailed images

Most of body is water - hydrogen atom is proton = tiny magnet

MRI protons line up in same direction

radiowaves cause knock protons off alignment and turning off aligns them again

This send signals picked up by receivers

38
Q

what is the advantage of MRI

A

safe and radiation free

39
Q

Aniography

A

Type of X ray - checks blood vessels
Dye injected into bloodstream
creates image called aniograms
Can be done with CT or MRI too instead of X ray

40
Q

Ultrasound

A

High frequency sound waves passed through body

Safe and non-invasive

Can scan nearly every region of body

Used frequently in obstetrics and gynacology

Anatomy And Medical Imaging (10 decks)

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