Introduction To Anatomy Flashcards
Which plane goes through the body horizontally?
Transverse plan
Which plane cuts through the side of the body to give anterior and posterior aspect?
Coronal plane
Which plane cuts through the centre of the body?
Sagittal plane
The position where a patient is lying face up is called?
Supine
Position of patient laying on stomach is called?
Prone
What is the word for one side only?
Unilateral
Word for both sides ie paired
Bilateral
Something occurring on same side of body as another structure
Ipsilateral
Something occurring on opposite sides to other structure
Contralateral
What is movement of arm forward and leg backwards called?
Flexion
What is movement of arm out (and up) and leg forward called?
Extension
Moving arms towards body is called
Adduction
Moving arm away from body is called
Abduction
Movment of foot laterally is called
Lateral rotation
Movement of foot inwards is called
Medial rotation
Moving foot and toes up is called
Dorsiflexion
Moving foot down to the ground is called
Planter flexion
Moving hand so palm faces anteriorly is called
Supination
Moving hand so dorsal part faces anatomically
Pronation
How are the abdominal and pelvis quadrants split?
Into 4 quadrants
Right being my right and left my left
Upper and lower
What does the right upper quadrant contain?
Liver
Gall bladder
What does the left upper quadrant contain?
Stomach
What does the right lower quadrant contain
Appendix
What does the left lower quadrant contain?
Sigmoid
How many regions are there of the abdomen and pelvis?
9
How are the abdominopelvic regions split?
Two midclavicular planes (vertical)
A subcostal plane (horizontal)
A intertubercular plane (horizontal)
Learn the 9 regions
Image saved on phone
What are the 2 body cavities?
Dorsal cavity
Ventral cavity
What is the dorsal cavity lined by?
Meninges
Dura, arachnoid, pia matter
What does the dorsal cavity protect?
Cranial cavity (contains brain)
Vertebral cavity (contains spinal cord)
What is the ventral cavity lined by?
Pleura and peritoneum
What does the ventral cavity include?
Thoracic cavity (heart and lungs)
Diaphragm
Abdominal cavity (digestive viscera)
Pelvic cavity (bladder, reproductive organs and rectum)
X rays
Single burst of x rays
2d image
Effective for bone identification
Radiation
CT (computed tomography)
Moving x rays beam
Computer generated images from multiple images
Used for bones and soft tissue imaging
Radiation
PET Scans (positron emission tomography)
3d image
Often combined with CT and MRI
work by detecting how well certain part of body is working
Fluorodeoxyglucose most used radiotrace
PET Scans (positron emission tomography)
3d image
Often combined with CT and MRI
work by detecting how well certain part of body is working
Fluorodeoxyglucose most used radiotracer
Can identify cancer as use glucose faster
Radiation risk
Radiotracer leaves body in few hours
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
Uses strong magnetic fields and radiowaves - detailed images
Most of body is water - hydrogen atom is proton = tiny magnet
MRI protons line up in same direction
radiowaves cause knock protons off alignment and turning off aligns them again
This send signals picked up by receivers
what is the advantage of MRI
safe and radiation free
Aniography
Type of X ray - checks blood vessels
Dye injected into bloodstream
creates image called aniograms
Can be done with CT or MRI too instead of X ray
Ultrasound
High frequency sound waves passed through body
Safe and non-invasive
Can scan nearly every region of body
Used frequently in obstetrics and gynacology
