Axial Skeleton Flashcards
What does the skeletal system contain?
Bones, tendons, cartilage and joints
What are the 3 purposes of the skeletal system?
- Protect the body
- Store lipids and minerals
- Produce red blood cells
How many bones are there in the Appendicular skeleton?
126 (upper and lower limbs)
How many bones are there in the Axial skeleton and give a break down.
Axial skeleton: 80 bones
Skull - 21
Thoracic cage - 25
Vertebral column - 33
Hyoid bone - 1
What is the role of the axial skeleton?
Protect the most vital and vulnerable organs of the body.
Eg. Brain, spinal cord, heart, lungs and kidneys
What 4 special senses does the skull house?
- Olfaction - smell
- Vision
- Auditory
- Taste
What are the 3 muscular attachment functions of the skull?
Mastication - chewing
Facial expression
Head and neck movement
How many bones in the Neurocranium and what are they?
8 bones
1 frontal
1 occipital
2 parietal
2 temporal
2 sphenoid
How many bones are there in the facial skeleton?
14
How many bones are there in the skull of a new born?
44
Learn bones of head
In particular,
- Sphenoid bone
- Ethnoid bone
- Lacrimal bone
- Zygomatic bone
- Vomer
- External auditory meatus
What are the main differences between male and female skulls
Forehead: Men have more prominent Glabella and supraorbital ridges (above and in between eyebrow region)
Temple: Men have more prominent temporal lines
Females have rounder eye orbitals
Female jaws are narrower and rounder
Females have larger frontal eminences
Give 4 points about a child’s skull
- Rapid growth before 6 months
- By 12 months = 85% of adult size
- Ossification by age 8
- Bone union by age 20
How does skull size of a newborn compare to other parts of skeleton?
Skull is disproportionately large
Of this, facial skeleton is relatively small and calvaria is relatively large
What is the calvaria?
Upper part of the neurocramium
What are fontanelles?
Give their clinical signs
Area of fibrous tissue in an infants head - future site for intermembranous bone formation
Clinical signs:
1. Overly soft = dehydration
2. Hard/protruding = intracranial pressure
What are sinuses and what us their function?
Warm and moist spaces that have mucus lining and bacteria like living in them
They help condition inspired air
Learn sinuses slide 16
Spine slides 18 to 26 covered in Back section
Double check
Give a breakdown of the 25 bones in the thoracic cage
12 thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12)
12 pairs of ribs
Sternum
What does the thoracic cage do?
Protect the thoracic viscera - the cardiovascular, respiratory and digestive systems
Offers site for muscle attachments
Helps with breathing
Which ribs are true (vertebrosternal)?
1 - 7
Which ribs are false (vertebrochondral) ?
8 - 12
Which ribs float?
11 and 12
What are the 3 parts of the sternum?
- Manubrim
- Body
- Xiphoid process
What joins the ribs to the sternum?
The costal cartilage
Print and annotate the ribs anatomy
Page 30 of axial skeleton ppt
