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Anatomy And Medical Imaging > Lower Limb > Flashcards

Lower Limb Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What is lower limb specialised for?

A

• Locomotion
• Supporting body weight
• Balance

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2
Q

What are the two parts that make up the lower limb?

A
  1. Trunk segment
  2. Free lower limb segments
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3
Q

What does trunk segment include?

A

• Half the pelvic girdle
• Gluteal and inguinal regions
• Hip joint

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4
Q

What are the lower limb segments?

A

• Thigh (femoris)
• Leg (crus)
• Foot (pes) - including tarsus (connecting ankle to foot)

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5
Q

What are the 3 sections of the bony pelvis?

A

• Ilium
• Ischium
• Pubis

Add pic

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6
Q

Where does the femur articulate with the hip bone?

A

Acetabulum - socket of hip joint where head of femur fits

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7
Q

Which bones does pelvic girdle articulate with?

A

• Sacrum
• Femur

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8
Q

What is the midline joint in the pelvic girdle called?

A

Public symphysis

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9
Q

What are the two main groups of muscles in the gluteal region and how many of each are there?

A

Vertical (5)

Horizontal (4)

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10
Q

What are the differences between the horizontal and vertical muscles in the gluteal region?

A

• Horizontal ones are deeper and smaller

• Vertical ones are larger

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11
Q

What is the function of horizontal muscles in gluteal region?

A

Act as rotators at the hip joint

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12
Q

What is the function of the vertical muscles in the gluteal region?

A

Allow for abduction and extension

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13
Q

Which 3 vertical group muscles aid extension and walking?

A

• Gluteus maximus, medius and minimus

THESE ORIGINATE FROM PELVIS AND ATTACH TO FEMOUR

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14
Q

Which slide do I need to learn?

A

8/29

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15
Q

Roots of which spinal nerves form the lumbar-sacral plexus?

A

L1-S3

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16
Q

What are the four main nerve branches that supply the lower limb?

A

• Femoral nerve
• Obturator nerve
• Sciatic nerve
• Inferior/ superior gluteal nerves

17
Q

Where is the femoral nerve located?

A

Anterior thigh compartment and anterior leg

18
Q

Where is the obturator nerve found?

A

Medial thigh

19
Q

Where is the sciatic nerve located?

A

• Posterior compartment of thigh and leg
• Sole of foot

20
Q

What are the 2 terminal branches of the sciatic nerve?

A
  1. Tibial
  2. Common fibular nerve
21
Q

Where are the inferior/superior gluteal nerves found?

A

In large muscles in gluteal region

22
Q

Which slides do I need to learn?

A

Slide 10 and 11

23
Q

What are the characteristics of the acetabular joint?

A

It’s more stable than glenohurmal joint but not as mobile

Lack of mobility due to bearing weight and stability

24
Q

Which ligaments connect pelvis and femur in the acetabular joint?

A

• Iliofemoral
• Ischiofemoral
• Pubofemoral

(These stabilise and enclose the joint)

25
Q

What is the longest bone in the body?

A

Femur (thigh bone)

26
Q

Where does proximal and distal femur articulate?

A

Proximal - with pelvis at acetabulum

Distal - with tibia at the knee

27
Q

What do the 5 anterior compartment muscles of the thigh do?

A

Flex at hip
Extend at knee

28
Q

What do the 3 posterior compartment muscles of the thigh do?

A

Extend at hip
Flex at knee

29
Q

What do the 6 medial compartment muscles do?

A

Adduct/rotate the thigh

30
Q

Name the 5 anterior thigh muscles

A
  1. Vastus lateralis
  2. Vastus intermedius
  3. Vastus medialis
  4. Rectus femoris
  5. Sartorius
31
Q

What are the 3 ligaments that are in the knee joint

A
  1. Collateral (medial and lateral)
  2. Cruciate (anterior and posterior)
  3. Patellar
32
Q

What is the menisci and where is it found?

A

Rubbery cartilage found between the femur and tibia - acts as a shock absorber

33
Q

How many muscles are there in the posterior fascia/compartment of the leg?
Breakdown

A

7
4 deep
3 superficial

For plantarflexion of foot, flexion of toes and may flex knee

34
Q

How many muscles are there in the lateral fascia/compartment of the leg?
Role?

A

2
Eversion- turn sole of foot outwards

35
Q

How many muscles are there in the anterior fascia/compartment of the leg?
Role?

A

4
Dorsiflexion, extension of the toes and inversion of ankle (turn sole inwards)

36
Q

Where does the talus fit to form ankle?

A

Tibiofibular space

37
Q

What is the ankle joint aka?

A

Talocrural

38
Q

What is the name of the joint between the talus and the calcaneus?

A

Subtalar

Anatomy And Medical Imaging (10 decks)

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