Lower Limb Flashcards
What is lower limb specialised for?
• Locomotion
• Supporting body weight
• Balance
What are the two parts that make up the lower limb?
- Trunk segment
- Free lower limb segments
What does trunk segment include?
• Half the pelvic girdle
• Gluteal and inguinal regions
• Hip joint
What are the lower limb segments?
• Thigh (femoris)
• Leg (crus)
• Foot (pes) - including tarsus (connecting ankle to foot)
What are the 3 sections of the bony pelvis?
• Ilium
• Ischium
• Pubis
Add pic
Where does the femur articulate with the hip bone?
Acetabulum - socket of hip joint where head of femur fits
Which bones does pelvic girdle articulate with?
• Sacrum
• Femur
What is the midline joint in the pelvic girdle called?
Public symphysis
What are the two main groups of muscles in the gluteal region and how many of each are there?
Vertical (5)
Horizontal (4)
What are the differences between the horizontal and vertical muscles in the gluteal region?
• Horizontal ones are deeper and smaller
• Vertical ones are larger
What is the function of horizontal muscles in gluteal region?
Act as rotators at the hip joint
What is the function of the vertical muscles in the gluteal region?
Allow for abduction and extension
Which 3 vertical group muscles aid extension and walking?
• Gluteus maximus, medius and minimus
THESE ORIGINATE FROM PELVIS AND ATTACH TO FEMOUR
Which slide do I need to learn?
8/29
Roots of which spinal nerves form the lumbar-sacral plexus?
L1-S3
What are the four main nerve branches that supply the lower limb?
• Femoral nerve
• Obturator nerve
• Sciatic nerve
• Inferior/ superior gluteal nerves
Where is the femoral nerve located?
Anterior thigh compartment and anterior leg
Where is the obturator nerve found?
Medial thigh
Where is the sciatic nerve located?
• Posterior compartment of thigh and leg
• Sole of foot
What are the 2 terminal branches of the sciatic nerve?
- Tibial
- Common fibular nerve
Where are the inferior/superior gluteal nerves found?
In large muscles in gluteal region
Which slides do I need to learn?
Slide 10 and 11
What are the characteristics of the acetabular joint?
It’s more stable than glenohurmal joint but not as mobile
Lack of mobility due to bearing weight and stability
Which ligaments connect pelvis and femur in the acetabular joint?
• Iliofemoral
• Ischiofemoral
• Pubofemoral
(These stabilise and enclose the joint)
What is the longest bone in the body?
Femur (thigh bone)
Where does proximal and distal femur articulate?
Proximal - with pelvis at acetabulum
Distal - with tibia at the knee
What do the 5 anterior compartment muscles of the thigh do?
Flex at hip
Extend at knee
What do the 3 posterior compartment muscles of the thigh do?
Extend at hip
Flex at knee
What do the 6 medial compartment muscles do?
Adduct/rotate the thigh
Name the 5 anterior thigh muscles
- Vastus lateralis
- Vastus intermedius
- Vastus medialis
- Rectus femoris
- Sartorius
What are the 3 ligaments that are in the knee joint
- Collateral (medial and lateral)
- Cruciate (anterior and posterior)
- Patellar
What is the menisci and where is it found?
Rubbery cartilage found between the femur and tibia - acts as a shock absorber
How many muscles are there in the posterior fascia/compartment of the leg?
Breakdown
7
4 deep
3 superficial
For plantarflexion of foot, flexion of toes and may flex knee
How many muscles are there in the lateral fascia/compartment of the leg?
Role?
2
Eversion- turn sole of foot outwards
How many muscles are there in the anterior fascia/compartment of the leg?
Role?
4
Dorsiflexion, extension of the toes and inversion of ankle (turn sole inwards)
Where does the talus fit to form ankle?
Tibiofibular space
What is the ankle joint aka?
Talocrural
What is the name of the joint between the talus and the calcaneus?
Subtalar
