Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MSK ( A.S) > Upper Limb > Flashcards

Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

the 3 main shoulder problems

A

Frozen shoulder
Rotator cuff disease ( impingement, cuff disease)
Arthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Shoulder problem 20-30s

A

Instability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Shoulder problem 30-40s

A

Impingement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Shoulder problems 40- 50s

A

Frozen shoulder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Shoulder problem 50 -60s

A

Cuff disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Shoulder problem : >60s

A

Arthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Intrinsic muscle of shoulder

A 
SITS 
Supraspinatus 
Infraspinatus 
Teres minor 
Sub scapularis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Extrinsic muscle of rotator muscles

A

Deltoid
Trapezium
Pectoralis major
Latissimus major

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What type of shoulder instability is more common

A

ANTERIOR!!!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How is posterior instability normally caused by

A

Epileptic fit

Electrocution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Light bulb sign

A

Posterior dislocation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Treatment of instability

A

Physio
Arthroscopic / open stabilisation

Then 2- 3 sling, Early mobilisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is impingement

A

Sub - acromial space has narrowed hitting the nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Treatment of impingement

A 
Rest
Pain relief 
Physio 
Corticosteroid injection 
6 months of this then consider surgery : arthroscopic / open sub acromial decompression
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Grey hair

A

Cuff disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Treatment of cuff disease

A 
Rest 
Analgesic 
Sling 
Physio 
Again arthroscopic and open surgery as last resort
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Main feature of impingement

A

Pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Main symptoms of cuff disease

A

Weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What common cause of frozen shoulder

A

Sudden - not traumatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Typical patient with frozen shoulder

A

Females
Gradual severe pain
40 -50s
Assoc with diabetes, endocrine diseases, dupuytrens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the stages of frozen shoulder

A

Freezing
Frozen
Thawing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

3 stages of frozen shoulder - how long can it takes

A

3-4 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

X-ray of frozen shoulder Is weird

A

Nope - it’s nothing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Treatment of frozen shoulder

A

Analgesics, physio, steroid injectio
Surgery: manipulation under anaesthetic, arthroscopic capsule release

MIND OVER MATTER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What will examination show in glenohumeral OA
Asymmetry, wasting, limitation external rotation, global restriction in movement, pain throughout ROM
26
Ix of glenohumeral arthritis
LOSS
27
What nerve gets compressed in carpal tunnel syndrome
Median neuropathy
28
What nerve gets compressed in cubical tunnel syndrome
Ulnar nerve
29
Typical patient with carpal tunnel
Females | >30
30
Causes of carpal tunnel
Pregnancy, hormonal fluctuations, hypothyroidism, diabetes, obesity
31
Typical patient of cubical tunnel syndrome
Males | >30
32
Causes of cubical syndrome
Direct pressure (cyst, tumours0
33
What is in the carpal tunnel
``` 9 flexor tendons 1 nerve ( median) ```
34
Carpal tunnel syndrome
``` M: myxoedema E : oedema D : diabetes I : idiopathic A : acromegaly N: neoplasm ``` T: trap R: RA A : amyloidosis P : pregnancy
35
Early symptoms of carpal tunnel
Pins and needles Pain Clumsiness
36
Late symptoms of carpal tunnel
Numbness | Weakness
37
Hypothenar atrophy = carpal tunnel
Nope - thenar
38
Ix for carpal tunnel
Durkin , tinnel’s, phalens nerve conduction studies Electromyogram
39
Treatment for carpal tunnel
Mild - moderate : splintage, physio, steroid | Severe: carpal tunnel decompression
40
Signs cubical syndrome
Hypothenar and interossseous atrophy Clawing of ring and small finger Altered sensation
41
Ix for cubical syndrome
Tinnel’s. Phalans, froments | Nerve conduction studies, EMG.
42
Treatment for cubical test
Same as carpal
43
What is a tendon
Muscle to bone
44
Tendinopathy
Painful tendon
45
Tendonitis
Inflammation of tendon
46
Tendonosis
Degeneration of the tendon
47
Tenosynovitis
Inflammation of fluid filled sheath
48
Enthesopathy
Pain at attachment of tendons, ligaments onto bone
49
Intrinsic causes of tendon problems
Age, gender, obesity, malignancy
50
Extrinsic causes of tendon problems
Trauma / injury, repetitive injury, drugs ( steroids, antibiotics) , sports
51
What is most likely wrong in tendonosis
Matrix metalloproteinases ( MMP)
52
Tendonosis is always painful
NO, Can be present and not painful
53
Treatment for tendonosis
Rest, analgesia, anti inflammatory | Injections
54
Injections of LA for Achilles tendonitis and extensor knee mechanism
NOOOOO AS THEY WILL RUPTURE | Only consider in rotator cuff, tennis elbow
55
What surgery methods are there for tendonosis
Debridement ( removal of disease tissue) Decompression Synovectomy Tendon transfer using tibialis posterior and extensor policis Longus
56
Inject for upper limb
``` NOOOOOO Only down ( except for Achilles and extensor knee mechanism) ```
57
What is the main muscle affected in rotator cuff injury
Supraspinatus
58
Intrinsic causes for rotator cuff pathology
Degeneration, tendon vascularity
59
Extrinsic causes of rotator cuff pathology
Throwing with athletes | Painters who lift over head
60
Clinical findings of rotator cuff pathology
Dull achy pain over 4 tendon of the cuff Cant sleep or reach over head Painful arc with rotator cuff weakness Impingement sign with Hawkins, jobes and scarf test
61
Treatment of rotator cuff pathology
Rest, physio, steroid and LA injections | Surgery: arthroscopic or open sub acromial decompression, rotator cuff repair
62
1st line ix for rotator cuff pathology
US
63
Cause of biceps tendinopathy
Overuse, instability trauma
64
Sign of biceps tendinopathy
POP EYE | EXTENSIVE BRUISING
65
IX for biceps tendinopathy
US
66
Management for biceps tendinopathy
Rest and physio | Surgical Repair but risk of neurovascular complication :(
67
Medial epicondylitis
Golfers elbow
68
Treatment of golfers elbow and tennis
rest, physio, infection of LA and steroid orthotics | Self limiting
69
Lateral epicondylitis
Tennis elbow
70
Examples when tennis elbow is worsens
Opening a jar
71
All names for de quervains tenosynovitis
Blackberry / games thumb / mothers wrist
72
Affects first extensor compartment ( APL and EPB)
De quervain’s tenosynovitis
73
General patient with de quervains tenosynovitis
Women 30-50 Pregnancy RA
74
Treatment of de quervains tenosynovitis
Splint, rest, physio, analgesics, inject, surgical decompression
75
How does ra cause extensor tendon rupture
Autoimmune attack on synovitis -> tendon degeneration -> rupture
76
Feature of extensor tendon rupture
Weaknesses wrist extension | Dropped fingers
77
Tx of extensor tendon rupture
Tendon transfer
78
Common catch on trigger finger
Nodule catches on A1 pulley
79
Tx of trigger finger
Observe Inject Surgical release
80
What does the knee extensor mechanism consist of?
Quad muscles, quad tendon, patella and patella tendon
81
If there is an injury to any part of the knee extensor?
Difficulty in straightening the leg
82
Do you inject tendonitis
NO
83
Clinical findings of a knee extensor mechanism
Palpable gap | No straight leg raise
84
Ix of knee extensor mechanism
USS and mri will show a tear | Xr shows effusions or patella out of place
85
Tx of knee extensor mechanism
Mainly surgical repair
86
How does tibialis posterior rupture occur
Tenosynovitis -> progressive elongation -> rupture
87
What is mucous cyst
Outpouching of synovial fluid from DIP | Females more affected
88
Treatment of mucous cyst
Nothing
89
What are ganglion
Outpouching of synovial cavity in wrist or ankles | Females
90
Treatment for ganglion
Nothing | - old used to be hit with a bible
91
What is dupuytrens contracture
Thickening and contracture of subdermal fascia leading to fixed flexion deformity of fingers Usually starts at palmer pits / nodules
92
Causes
Genetic, DM, alcohol, smoking, trauma, epilepsy
93
Ix of dupuytrens
Table top test
94
Treatment of dupuytrens
Stretches, activity modifications | Surgery: segmental fasiectomy, dermofascietomy, amputation
95
What is paronychia
Infection within the nail fold mum
96
Cause of Parton chia
Nail biting
97
Management of paronchia
Elevate Antibiotics Incase and drain collection
98
Flexor tendon sheath infection
INFECTION WITHIN SHEATH, TRACKING UP PALM AND ARM VERY PAINFUL EMERGENCY
99
Ganglion of the popliteal
Bakers cyst
100
What is bursitis
Inflammation of the synovium lined sacs that protects bony prominences and joints
101
Management of bursitis
NSAIDs, analgesics Antibiotics Incision and drainage
102
Rheumatoid nodules managment
They dont respond to dmards So just excise if problematic They will probs come back
103
Dupuytrens is a disease of the flexor tendons
NO

MSK ( A.S) (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions