Pharmacology

Question 1

What is the function of NSAIDS

Answer 1

Analgesics, anti - inflammatory

Question 2

Example of NSAIDS

Answer 2

Ibuprofen, naproxen, diclofenac

Question 3

Use for NSAIDS

Answer 3

Inflammatory arthritis, mechanical MS, pleuritic and pericardial pain

Question 4

Adverse effects of NSAIDS

Answer 4

Dyspepsia 
Oesophagitis 
Gastritis 
Peptic ulcers
Small / large bowel ulceration 
Renal impairment

Question 5

What does DMARDS stand for

Answer 5

Disease modifying anti rheumatic drugs

Question 6

Examples of DMARDS

Answer 6

Methotrexate, sulphasalazine, hydroxychloroquine

Question 7

Function of DMARDS

Answer 7

Controls inflammation and slowing down progression of disease
Slow acting ( weeks - months) 
No direct analgesic effect, only anti inflammatory

Question 8

Indications for DMARDS

Answer 8

Ra!!!

SHOULD START WITHIN 3 MONTHS OF SYMPTOMS STARTING

Question 9

Adverse effect DMARDS

Answer 9

Tetragenic effect - not safe in pregnancy

Question 10

Adverse effects of methotrexate

Answer 10

Leukopenia 
cirrhosis 
thrombocytopenia 
Mouth ulcers 
Diarrhoea

Question 11

What’s an additional Side effect of sulfasalazine

Answer 11

Reversible oligozoospermia

Question 12

Function of hydroxcholorquine

Answer 12

No effect on joint damage

Used in CT

Question 13

Side effect of hydroxychloroquine

Answer 13

Retinopathy

Question 14

What are biologics

Answer 14

Targets superfical aspects of immune system

E.g. TNF, interleukin 6, 17,12,23

Question 15

What are the indications for using biologics in arthritis

Answer 15

After of 2 DMARDS OR 2 NSAIDs ( with ankylosing spondylitis)

Question 16

Examples of anti TNF

Answer 16

Etanercept
Adalimumab
Certolizumab
Infliximab

Question 17

Side effects of anti TNF

Answer 17

Increase risk of infection, skin cancer

Question 18

Any contraindications for using anti TNF

Answer 18

HF, pulmonary fibrosis

Question 19

The biologics - rituximab - what does it target

Answer 19

Monoclonal antibody against B lymphocytes

Question 20

The biologics - toclilzumab - what does it target

Answer 20

Inhibits interleukin 6

Question 21

The biologics -abatacept - what does it target

Answer 21

CTLA- 4 Ig blocks full activation of T lymphocytes

Question 22

The biologics - ustekinumab - what does it target

Answer 22

Inhibits il12 and il13

Question 23

The biologics - secukiniab - what does it target

Answer 23

Inhibits il17

Question 24

The biologics - tofacitinib / baricitinib - what does it target

Answer 24

Janus kinase inhibitors

Question 25

Treatment of acute gout

Answer 25

1st: NSAIDS

2nd : colchicine

Question 26

Prophylaxis treatment for gout

Answer 26

Allopurinol
Febuxostat
Uricosurics

Question 27

What does gout prophylaxis treatment do

Answer 27

Urate lowering

Question 28

What is allopurinol

Answer 28

Xanthine oxidase inhibitor

Question 29

Why not use allopurinol in acute?

Answer 29

Can cause rapid decrease in urate levels - causing exaberation of gout

Question 30

Side effect of allopurinol

Answer 30

Rash
Renal impairment
Azathioprine interaction
Bone marrow aplasia

Question 31

What is febuxostat

Answer 31

Xanthine oxidase inhibitor - ie use in people who cant handle allopurpinal or have renal impairment

Question 32

Contraindications of febuxostat

Answer 32

Ischemia heart disease

Question 33

What is uricoscis used ?

Answer 33

If they have renal impairment

Question 34

Examples of uricoscis

Answer 34

Probenecid, sulphinpyrazone, azapropazone

Question 35

Mode of corticosteroids

Answer 35

Oral, intra articular, soft tissue infections, IM, IV

Question 36

Side effect of corticosteroids

Answer 36

Weight gain 
Muscle wasting 
Skin atrophy 
Osteoporosis 
Diabetes 
Hypertension 
Cataract , glucoma