Fractures

Question 1

Name the common fractures

Answer 1

Ankle 
Tibial shaft
Tibial plateau 
Femoral shaft 
Pelvic

Question 2

How does ankle fractures occur

Answer 2

Inversion injury with a rotational force applied to foot

Question 3

What do you use in ankle fractures to classify?

Answer 3

Talar shift
A - stable
C - unstable
B - CHEKC deltoid to find out

Question 4

Management of ankle fractures

Answer 4

Conservative : cast or moon boot ( stable_

Operavbie : open reduction internal fixation (unstable)

Question 5

Types of tibial shaft fractures

Answer 5

Spiral, transverse, oblique, comminuted

Question 6

What’s the biggest risk of tibial shaft fractures

Answer 6

COMPARTMENT SYNDROME

Question 7

Management of tibial shaft fractures

Answer 7

Conservative: above knee cast

Operative : ORIF

Question 8

Management of femoral shaft fractures

Answer 8

Thomas splint

IM nail, plate fixation, ORIF

Question 9

High energetic injuries in young, low in old

Risk of NV injury

Answer 9

Tibial plateau fracture

Question 10

Management of tibial plateau fracture

Answer 10

Above knee cast

ORIF, external fixator, delayed total knee replacement

Question 11

Common upper limb fractures

Answer 11

Distal radius fractures 
Forearm fractures 
Olecranon fractures 
Humeral shafts fractures 
Proximal humeral fractures

Question 12

How does distal radius fracture common

Answer 12

FOOSH

Can be colles or smith / Barton’s

Question 13

Mx of distal radius fractures

Answer 13

Cast / split

ORIF

Question 14

What’s unusual about forearm fractures

Answer 14

Radius and ulna connected with proximal and distal radiounlar = ie a ring

Question 15

Types of forearm fractures

Answer 15

Monteggia, Galezzi and nightstick fractures

Question 16

Fracture of the ulnar shaft with concomitant dislocation

Answer 16

Monteggia fracture

Question 17

Fracture of the distal part of the radius with dislocation of the distal radiounlar joint and intact ulna

Answer 17

Galezzi fractures

Question 18

Isolated fractures of the ulna
Defensive fracture
Transverse and located mid diaphysis and usually resulting from a direct blow

Answer 18

Night stick fracture

Question 19

Management of radius and ulna fractures

Answer 19

Cast

ORIF

Question 20

How does olecranon fracture occur

Answer 20

Falling onto elbow

Question 21

Treatment of olecranon fractures

Answer 21

Cast
Tension band wiring
ORIF
Plate fixation

Question 22

What kind of fractures does humeral shaft produce

Answer 22

Oblique fractures or spinal fractures

Question 23

Mx of humeral shaft fracture

Answer 23

Humeral brace

IM nail / ORIF plate fixation

Question 24

What is neurapraxia

Answer 24

Temporary conduction block / demyelination

Resolve within 28 days

Question 25

What is axonotmesis

Answer 25

Nerve cell axon dies distally from point of injury = wallerian degeneration Structure of nerve intact Regenerates at 1mm per day

Question 26

What is neurotmesis

Answer 26

Nerve transacted | No recovery without surgery

Question 27

Fracture healed in wrong place

Answer 27

Malunion

Question 28

Poor blood supply to fracture site, fracture gap too big and no movement

Answer 28

Non union

Question 29

What’s a dislocation

Answer 29

Complete loss of contact between 2 joint surfaces

Question 30

What is a subluxation

Answer 30

Partial loss of contact

Question 31

Most common reason for shoulder dislocation

Answer 31

Large force, pulling hard on the arm

Question 32

Most dislocation managment

Answer 32

REDUCE IMMBOLISATION REHAB

Question 33

Most common reason for elbow dislocation

Answer 33

FOOSH

Question 34

Most common reason for interphalangeal joints

Answer 34

Hyperextension injury | Direct axial blow ( basket ball hitting finger straight on)

Question 35

Common reason for patella dislocation

Answer 35

Quad contraction with flexing knee Always lateral dislocation

Question 36

Reason for knee dislocation

Answer 36

BIG ENERGY | RTA

Question 37

Lateral collateral ligament injury + peroneal injury causing a foot drop

Answer 37

KNEE DISLOCATION

Question 38

Most common hip dislocation

Answer 38

Posterior