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MSK anatomy > Upper limb 1 > Flashcards

Upper limb 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What forms the anterior wall of the axilla?

A

Pectoralis major and pectoralis minor

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2
Q

What forms the posterior wall of the axilla?

A

Scapularis, teres major and latissimus dorsi

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3
Q

What forms the lateral border of the axilla?

A

Intertubecular sulcus of the humerus

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4
Q

What forms the medial border of the axilla?

A

Serratus anterior

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5
Q

What is the axillary artery a continuation of? At what anatomical point does the artery begin?

A

Subclavian artery, begins at lateral margin of 1st rib

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6
Q

What does the axillary artery continue beyond the axilla as? Where does this change occur?

A

Continues as the brachial artery, this change happens at inferior border of teres major

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7
Q

When is compression of the axillary artery necessary?

A

When profuse bleeding occurs due to severe injury to upper limb

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8
Q

What causes enlargement of axillary lymph nodes?

A

infection of upper limb

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9
Q

Where is Erb’s point? What is it’s clinical significance?

A

Point on the border of the SCM where the 4 superficial branches of cervical plexus emerge. Injury to Erb’s point can be sustained by a fall on the shoulder or during birth.

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10
Q

Name some muscles that are affected by Erb’s palsy? (C5&6)

A

subclavicus, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, biceps brachii, brachialis, deltoid, teres minor, brachioradialis

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11
Q

What is Klumpe’s palsy? What muscles does it affect?

A

Injury to lower trunk of brachial plexus (C8 & T1). Caused by undue abduction of the arm, afects intrinsic muscles of hand and ulnar flexors of the wrist and fingers.

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12
Q

Where does the cephalic vein arise?

A

Lateral end of the dorsal venous arch

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13
Q

Where does the basilic vein arise?

A

Medial end of dorsal venous arch

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14
Q

Where does median cubital vein shunt blood to?

A

From cephalic to basilic vein

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15
Q

What lymph nodes drain above the umbilicus?

A

axillary

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16
Q

What lymph nodes drain below the umbilicus?

A

superficial inguinal

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17
Q

Where do lymphatic vessels from upper limb drain into?

A

axillary lymph nodes

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18
Q

What groups are the axillary lymph nodes divided into?

A

anterior, posterior, apical, central and lateral

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19
Q

What articulates at the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint?

A

entire upper limb and pectoral girdle

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20
Q

What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint? What is it made up of?

A

Synovial ball and socket joint. Formed from head of humerus and glenoid cavity.

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21
Q

What is the ring of cartilage surrounding the socket of the GH joint? What type of cartilage is it?

A

Glenoid labrum - fibrocartilaginous

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22
Q

What does the coracohumeral ligament do?

A

strengthens upper aspect of glenohumeral joint capsule

23
Q

What does the glenohumeral ligament do?

A

strengthens the lower aspect of the glenohumeral joint capsule

24
Q

What makes up the coracoacromial arch?

A

acromion and coracoid process of scapula & coracoacromial ligament

25
Q

What point of the clavicle is the weakest?

A

junction between medial 2/3 and lateral 1/3 (junction between 2 curvatures)

26
Q

What type of joint is the acromioclavicular (AC) joint?

A

synovial planar

27
Q

What type of joint is the sternoclavicular (SC) joint?

A

synovial saddle

28
Q

What,muscles elevate the scapula?

A

trapezius (upper fibres), levator scapulae

29
Q

What muscles depress the scapula?

A

latissimus dorsi, trapezius (lower fibres), pectoralis minor and subclavius

30
Q

What muscles protract the scapula?

A

serratus anterior, pectoralis major and minor

31
Q

What muscles retract the scapula?

A

trapezius (middle fibres), rhomboids

32
Q

What muscles cause upward rotation of the scapula?

A

trapezius, serratus anterior

33
Q

What muscles cause downward rotation of the scapula?

A

pectoralis minor, levator scapulae, rhomboids, gravity

34
Q

What is the role of subacromial bursa?

A

Facilitates movement of supraspinatous tendon and deltoid muscle

35
Q

What common injury damages subacromial bursa?

A

dislocation of acromioclavicular joint

36
Q

What 7 muscles go from the scapula to the humerus?

A

Subscapularis, supraspinatous, infraspinatous, teres minor, teres major, coracobrachialis and deltoid.

37
Q

What muscles go from the trunk to the scapula?

A

serratus anterior, trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor

38
Q

What is the main action of the subscapularis?

A

internal rotation of the humerus

39
Q

What is the main action of the supraspinatous?

A

adbuction of the humerus

40
Q

What is the main action of the infraspinatous?

A

external rotation of the humerus

41
Q

What is the main action of the teres minor?

A

external rotation of the humerus

42
Q

What is the main action of the anterior fibres of the deltoid?

A

flexion of the humerus

43
Q

What is the main action of the lateral fibres of the deltoid?

A

abduction of the humerus

44
Q

What is the main action of the posterior fibres of the deltoid?

A

extension of the humerus

45
Q

What is the main action of the superior fibres of serratus anterior?

A

upward rotation of the scapula

46
Q

What is the main action of the of inferior fibres of the serratus anterior?

A

downward rotation of the scapula

47
Q

What is the main action of the trapezius?

A

retraction of the scapula

48
Q

What is the main action of the rhomboids?

A

elevates and retracts scapula

49
Q

What is the main actions of the pectoralis minor?

A

…(?)

50
Q

What is the main actions of the latissimus dorsi?

A

adduction of the humerus, depression of scapula

51
Q

What is the main action of the pectoralis major?

A

adduction and internal rotation of the humerus

52
Q

What are the branches of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus?

A

lateral pectoral, median nerve (lateral root), musculocutaneous nerve

53
Q

What are the branches of the medial cord of the brachial plexus?

A

medial pectoral, median nerve (medial nerve), ulnar nerve, medial cutaneous nerve of arm and forearm

54
Q

What are the branches of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?

A

thoracodorsal nerve, axillary nerve, radial nerve and subscapular nerve

MSK anatomy (6 decks)

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