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MSK anatomy > Lower limb > Flashcards

Lower limb Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two superficial veins of the lower limb?

A

great and small saphenous

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2
Q

What superficial vein ascends anterior to the medial malleolus of the tibia?

A

great saphenous

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3
Q

What superficial vein ascends posterior to the medial malleolus of the tibia?

A

small saphenous

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4
Q

What superficial vein empties into the femoral vein?

A

great saphenous

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5
Q

What superficial vein empties into the popliteal vein?

A

small saphenous

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6
Q

What are two causes of venous stasis?

A
  • muscular inactivity

- external pressure on veins

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7
Q

What lymph nodes drain the great saphenous vein?

A

superficial inguinal

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8
Q

What lymph nodes drain the small saphenous vein?

A

popliteal

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9
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint?

A

synovial ball and socket

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10
Q

What is the acetabulum labrum?

A

ring of cartilage surrounding the acetabulum of the hip

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11
Q

What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament?

A

prevents hyperextension of the hip joint

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12
Q

What is the function of the pubofemoral ligrament?

A

prevents hyperabduction of the hip joint

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13
Q

What 3 muscles are extensors of the hip joint?

A

gluteus maximus, hamstrings (3 muscles), adductor magnus (post. part)

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14
Q

What is the main extensor of the hip joint?

A

gluteus maximus

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15
Q

What are the 3 muscles that make up the hamstrings?

A

semitendinosus, semimembranosus, long head biceps femoris

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16
Q

What are the 5 adductors of the hip joint?

A

adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, gracilis and obturator externus

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17
Q

What nerve supplies the adductor muscles of the thigh?

A

obturator nerve

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18
Q

What 3 muscles abduct the hip joint?

A

gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fasciae latae

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19
Q

How do the deep gluteal muscles carry out their role as hip abductors?

A

Their attachment to the greater trochanter of the femur

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20
Q

What nerve supplies the abductor muscles of the hip joint?

A

superior gluteal nerve

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21
Q

What nerve supplies the gluteus maximus?

A

inferior gluteal nerve

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22
Q

What 3 muscles medially rotate the hip joint?

A

gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fasciae latae

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23
Q

What are the 4 heads of the quadriceps femoris?

A

rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius

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24
Q

What nerve innervated the quadriceps femoris?

A

femoral nerve (L2-4)

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25
Q

What is the action of the quadriceps femoris on the hip joint?

A

flexion

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26
Q

What is the action of the quadriceps femoris on the knee?

A

extension

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27
Q

What are the 3 actions of the sartorius on the hip joint?

A

flexion, abduction and lateral rotation of the thigh

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28
Q

What is the action of the sartorius at the knee joint?

A

flexion of the leg

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29
Q

What is the action of the medial thigh muscles?

A

adduction of hip joint

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30
Q

Through which bony foramen does the obturator nerve pass through?

A

obturator foramen

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31
Q

What structures pass through the adductor hiatus?

A

femoral artery and vein

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32
Q

What is the femoral artery a continuation of? Where does this change occur?

A

continuation of the external iliac artery, change occurs behind the inguinal ligament

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33
Q

Between which two bony points does the femoral artery enter the thigh?

A

anterior superior iliac spine and pubic symphysis

34
Q

What branch of the femoral artery passes posteriorly towards the hamstrings?

A

deep femoral artery

35
Q

What is the femoral vein a continuation of?

A

popliteal vein

36
Q

What does the femoral vein continue as?

A

external iliac

37
Q

What 4 muscles does the femoral nerve supply?

A

sartorius, pectineus, iliacus, quadriceps femoris

38
Q

What forms the medial border of the femoral triangle?

A

adductor longus

39
Q

What forms the lateral border of the femoral triangle?

A

sartorius muscle

40
Q

What are the 3 major structures of the femoral triangle?

A

femoral nerve, femoral artery and femoral vein

41
Q

What are the 3 compartments of the femoral sheath?

A

femoral artery, femoral vein, femoral canal

42
Q

What does the femoral canal contain?

A

fat, loose connective tissue and lymphatic vessels

43
Q

What are the nerve roots of the lumbar plexus?

A

L1-4, T12

44
Q

What are the 2 main branches of the lumbar plexus? What are their root values?

A

Obturator nerve and femoral nerve (both L2-4)

45
Q

Which sciatic foramen is the route for structures entering and leaving the pelvis?

A

greater sciatic foramen

46
Q

Which sciatic foramen if the route for structures entering and leaving the perineum?

A

lesser sciatic foramen

47
Q

What are the 4 muscles comprising the superficial layer of gluteal muscles?

A

gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fasciae latae

48
Q

What are the 4 muscles comprising the deep layer of gluteal muscles?

A

piriformis, obturator internus, superior and inferior gemelli, quadratus femoris

49
Q

What is the deep fascia of the thigh called?

A

fascia lata

50
Q

Which part of the fascia lata is called the iliotibial tract? What two muscles are attached to it?

A

inferior part

gluteus maximus and tensor fasciae latae

51
Q

What are the actions of the gluteus maximus muscle?

A

external rotation and extension

52
Q

What are the actions of the gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and tensor fascia latae?

A

abducts and internally rotates

53
Q

Anterior to which muscle are the roots of the sacral plexus found?

A

piriformis

54
Q

What ventral rami compose the sacral plexus?

A

L4 & 5, S1, 2, 3 & 4

55
Q

what are the two main branches of the sacral plexus?

A

sciatic nerve and pudental nerve

56
Q

What forms the lumbosacral trunk?

A

Union of L4 & 5

57
Q

What is the root value of the superior gluteal nerve?

A

L4-S1

58
Q

What is the largest nerve in the body?

A

sciatic nerve

59
Q

What is the actions of the hamstrings on the hip and knee joint?

A

Extension at the hip joint

Flexion at the knee joint

60
Q

What nerve innervates the posterior thigh muscles?

A

sciatic nerve

61
Q

Which leg bone is not involved in the knee joint?

A

fibula

62
Q

What are the 4 main ligaments of the knee?

A

lateral collateral, medial collateral, posterior cruciate and anterior cruciate

63
Q

Where does the lateral collateral ligament extend?

A

from lateral epicondyle of femur to lateral surface of head of the fibula

64
Q

what tendon separates the LCL from the lateral meniscus

A

tendon of popliteus

65
Q

Where does the medial collateral ligament extend?

A

from medial epicondyle of the femur to medial meniscus and medial surface of tibia

66
Q

The anterior cruciate ligament prevents the femur from sliding…?

A

posteriorly

67
Q

what is the main function of the menisci?

A

reduces friction during movement

68
Q

What muscles flex the knee joint?

A

biceps femoris, semitendinous and semimembranous

popliteus facilitates flexion

69
Q

What muscles extend the knee joint?

A

quadriceps femoris, sartorius

70
Q

What are the 4 bursae surrounding the knee?

A

suprapatellar bursa, subcutaneous prepatellar bursa, deep infrapatellar bursa and subcutaneous infrapatellar bursa

71
Q

What is bursitis?

A

infection and inflammation of bursa

72
Q

What 3 compartments are the muscles of the leg divided into?

A

anterior, lateral and posterior

73
Q

What 4 muscles are in the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallicus lonus, fibularis terius

74
Q

What are the two divisions of the sciatic nerve?

A

tibial nerve & common fibular nerve

75
Q

What nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

deep fibular nerve

76
Q

What terminal branch of the popliteal artery supplies the anterior leg?

A

anterior tibial artery

77
Q

What does the anterior tibial artery continue as at the ankle joint?

A

dorsalis pedis artery

78
Q

What 2 muscles are in the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

fibularis longus and fibularis brevis

79
Q

What are the actions of the lateral compartment leg muscles?

A

evert the foot and plantarflex the ankle joint

80
Q

What nerve supplies lateral compartment of the leg?

A

superficial fibular nerve

81
Q

What type of joint is the ankle joint?

A

synovial hinge

MSK anatomy (6 decks)

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