Upper Limb 1

Question 1

What is the pectoral girdle?

Answer 1

• scapula (posterior) and clavicle (anterior)
• attachment to axial and movement (injury prone)

Question 2

What is the clavicle?

Answer 2

-“S” shaped
- sternal end (sternum) and acromial end (scapula)

Question 3

Where is the scapula located?

Answer 3

dorsal rib cage btwn ribs 2 and 7

Question 4

What are the 3 borders and angles of the scapula?

Answer 4

superior, medial (spinal column) lateral (glenoid)

superior (superior and medial borders meet)
lateral (glenoid)
inferior (medial and lateral borders meet)

Question 5

What are features of the scapula?

Answer 5

acromion (connects to spine)
coracoid process
glenoid cavity

supraspinous fossa
infraspinous fossa
subscapular fossa

Question 6

What is the structure of the humerus?

Answer 6

greater and lesser tubercule
deltoid tuberosity and radial groove
capitulum (radius) and trochlea (ulna)
medial and lateral epicondyle
medial and lateral supracondylar ridge

Question 7

What is the most common dislocation?

Answer 7

shoulder in the anterior plane

Question 8

What are the main muscle movements?

Answer 8

agonist – main muscle
antagonist – muscle oppose action
synergist – muscle assists action

Question 9

What are the movements of the scapula?

Answer 9

elevation and depression (shrug)
protraction and retraction
upward and downward rotation

Question 10

What are the muscles that act on the scapula posteriorly and anteriorly?

Answer 10

levator scapulae, trapezius, rhomboids
pectoralis minor, serratus anterior, subclavius

Question 11

What is the origin, insertion, action, innervation of the levator scapulae?

Answer 11

O: vertebrae C1-C4
I: superior part of medial scapula
A: elevate and rotate
IN: dorsal scapular and cervical nerves

Question 12

What is the origin, insertion, action, innervation of the trapezius?

Answer 12

O: superior nuchal line to spinous processes of C7-T12
I: clavicle, acromion, scapula
A: elevate, retract, rotates, depress
IN: accessory nerve

Question 13

What is the origin, insertion, action, innervation of the rhomboids?

Answer 13

O: minor = C7-T1 / major = T2-T5
I: medial border of scapula
A: retract and rotates
IN: dorsal scapular nerve

Question 14

What is the origin, insertion, action, innervation of the pectoralis minor?

Answer 14

O: 3rd-5th ribs
I: coracoid process
A: stabilizes
IN: medial pectoral nerve

Question 15

What is the origin, insertion, action, innervation of the serratous anterior?

Answer 15

O: fleshy slip under upper ribs
I: medial margin of scapula
A: protracts, stabilizes, upward rotation
IN: long thoracic nerve

Question 16

What are the 4 rotator cuff muscles?

Answer 16

subscapularis (I: lesser tubercle) = medial rotation
infraspinatus (I: greater tubercle) = lateral rotation
supraspinatus (I: greater tubercle) = abduction
teres minor (I: greater tubercle) = lateral rotation (axillary nerve)