Lower Limb 3 Flashcards
What are the characteristics of a synovial joint?
articular cartilage
articular capsule
synovial fluid
articular disk
intracapsular/extracapsular ligaments
What are the ligaments of the fibrous capsule?
LCL and MCL – collateral ligament
PCL (prevents tibia slide BACK) – cruciate ligament
ACL (prevents tibia slide FORWARD)
What is the unhappy triad?
MCL, medial meniscus, ACL
- ruptured from a lateral blow
What is used for ACL/PCL ligament testing?
Drawer Test
- positive ACL = pull forward (TORN)
- positive PCL = push backward (TORN)
What is the osteology of the foot?
cuneiform, cuboid
navicular
talus (medial malleolus) calcaneus (lateral malleolus)
What are the compartments of the leg?
Anterior = dorsiflex and extend toes
Lateral = evert
Posterior = plantar flex and flex toes
What are the muscles of the posterior compartment?
plantaris
soleus
gastrocnemius
popliteus
tibialis posterior
flexor digitorum longus
flexor hallucis longus
What is the origin, insertion, action, innervation of the gastrocnemius?
O: medial/lateral condyle femur
I: calcaneus
A: plantar flex foot, flex knee
IN: tibial nerve
What is the origin, insertion, action, innervation of the soleus?
O: superior tibia
I: calcaneus
A: plantar flex foot (walk)
IN: tibial nerve
What is the origin, insertion, action, innervation of the plantaris?
O: posterior femur
I: calcaneus (thin tendon)
A: plantar flex foot, flex knee
IN: tibial nerve
What is the origin, insertion, action, innervation of the popliteus?
O: lateral condyle femur
I: proximal tibia
A: flex and laterally rotate knee
IN: tibial nerve
What is the origin, insertion, action, innervation of the flexor digitorum longus?
O: posterior tibia
I: distal phalanges 2-5
A: plantar flex and invert foot, flex toes (grip)
IN: tibial nerve
What is the origin, insertion, action, innervation of the flexor hallucis longus?
O: shaft of fibula
I: distal phalanx big toe
A: plantar flex and invert foot, flex toe (push off)
IN: tibial nerve
What is the origin, insertion, action, innervation of the tibialis posterior?
O: superior tibia and fibula
I: tarsals and metatarsals 2-4
A: invert and plantar flex foot
IN: tibial nerve
What are the muscles in the lateral compartment?
fibularis longus
fibrularis brevis
What is the origin, insertion, action, innervation of the fibularis longus?
O: head of fibula
I: 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform
A: evert foot
IN: superficial fibular nerve
What is the origin, insertion, action, innervation of the fibularis brevis?
O: distal shaft fibula
I: proximal end 5th metatarsal
A: evert foot
IN: superficial fibular nerve
What are the muscles in the anterior compartment?
tibialis anterior
extensor digitorum longus
extensor hallucis longus
What is the origin, insertion, action, innervation of the tibialis anterior?
O: upper tibial shaft
I: 1st metatarsal
A: dorsiflex and invert foot
IN: deep fibular nerve
What is the origin, insertion, action, innervation of the extensor digitorum longus?
O: lateral condyle tibia
I: distal phalanges 2-5
A: extend toes, dorsiflex foot
IN: deep fibular nerve
What is the origin, insertion, action, innervation of the extensor hallucis longus?
O: shaft of tibia
I: distal phalanx big toe
A: extend toe, dorsiflex foot
IN: deep fibular nerve
