Upper GI Problems Flashcards
What are the fat soluble vitamins that are absorbed in the GI tract through food?
Vitamins D.E.A.K
How long before you can assuredly chart that bowel sounds are absent when auscultating?
5 minutes per quadrant
What is rebound tenderness?
What is it assessing for?
When you palpate, pushing down causes no pain but releasing the pressure and the patient feels pain upon removal of pressure
Can indicate Peritonitis (signals inflammation)
What is McBurney’s Point?
What does Localized pain at McBurney’s Point Indicate?
Halfway between the RIGHT anterior superior iliac crest and umbilicus
Appendicitis
What is regurgitation?
What is vomiting?
What is Nausea
Bringing swallowed food back up again to the mouth from (Esophagus)
Forceful Ejection of Partially Digested food and Secretions (Emesis) from the Upper GI Tract (STOMACH)
Feeling of discomfort in epigastrium with a conscious desire to vomit
What is projectile vomiting caused by?
Neurological Problems
What does emesis that has a fecal odor and bile indicate?
What does red emesis indicate?
What does coffee ground like emesis indicate?
Lower GI Obstruction
Bleeding in the Upper GI Tract
Blood has gone through and digested in the stomach
What would be two reasons why a person’s dentures doesn’t fit anymore?
- Bone Loss
2. Cancer
What are the top two causes of Esophageal Cancer?
- Smoking
2. GERD
What is Histo- Prefix Mean?
Tissue
What is the most common upper GI problem?
What has to occur in the body for this to occur?
GERD
- Incompetent (abnormal relaxation of) lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
- Hiatal Hernia- part of stomach pushes up through the diagphragm
- Decreased Esophageal Clearance
- Decreased Gastric Emptying
What are the top two complaints in GERD?
Burning usually described as heartburn
Tight Sensation Beneath the Lower Sternum and Spreads Upward
What is pneumenitis?
What causes it?
Inflammation of lung tissue
HCL from stomach gets into lungs
What does Barium Swallow (Esophragm) do?
Swallowing Barium Sulfate Coats the tissues of the bowels; It absorbs the X-Ray so it doesn’t light up and if there is a spot that lights up, that is a hole in your bowel
What is the order of an abdomen assessment?
Inspect
Auscultate
Palpate
Percussion
What should you expect to hear during abdomen percussion what does it indicate?
Tympanic Sound (gas)
Dull Sound (Full Bladder)
What can occur in the body with vomiting?
- Dehydration
- Essential Electrolytes are Lost
What can occur in the body’s pH when vomiting stomach contents?
What can occur in the body’s pH when vomiting small intestine contents?
Gastric Contents (HCl)- Metabolic Alkalosis
Small Intestines (NaHCO3)- Metabolic Acidosis
What are some types of patient illnesses or disease that can be on anticholinergic drugs?
Glaucoma, BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia), biliary or bladder neck obstruction
What kind of things do we attempt to do for the hospitalized patient for N/V especially if it is severe?
Broad Strokes in throat to check for obstruction
What are some nutritional therapies to consider when treating N/V?
- IV (replaces Fluids and Electrolytes)
- NG (decompression)
- Advance Diet (no temperature extremes), Clear, Full, Bland/Soft, Regular
- Fluids between meals (fluid with meals, chance of over distention)
- High Carbs (easier to digest)
What are some acute interventions for N&V?
NG Tube
Record I and O
Assess for manifestations of dehydration
Maintain quiet, odor free environment
What situation would you caution with fluid replacement and why?
Patients with CHF because they might get fluid overload
What are some treatments for oral cancers?
Surgery for all but with clean margins
If cancer gets to the bone, add chemo and radiation
High calories and protein diet
No Alcohol
