Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NS 313- Med Surg Exam 2 > Muskuloskeletal System > Flashcards

Muskuloskeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two things to keep in mind when looking at Musculoskeletal System?

A

Alignment

CMS Checks (Circulatory, Motor, Sensation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is dislocation?

What does it cause?

A

Complete displacement or separation of the articulating surfaces

Severe injury to ligaments around a joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is Subluxation?

What does it cause compared to dislocation

A
  • Partial or Complete Displacement of the Joint Surface

- Less severe than Dislocation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are signs and symptoms of dislocation and subluxation?

A 
Asymmetry of musculoskeletal contour
Local pain
Tenderness
Loss of function
Swelling in the joint region
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are treatments for dislocation and subluxation?

A
  • Prompt reduction of dislocation
  • Relief of pain
  • Protect the joint through Immobilization
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why do people use Skin Traction for short term treatment of muskuloskeletal injuries?

A

Treats inflammation in joints before surgery or skeletal traction available

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is Skin Traction?

What are the effects of skin traction?

What is another name for it?

A

Pulls the skin and joints a little bit apart

  • Takes pressure off of joint surfaces
  • Decreases muscle spasms
  • Decreases Inflammation

Buck’s Traction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do you need to worry about in skin traction?

What do you need to worry about in skeletal traction?

A

Skin shearing

Infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do you need to remember about traction?

A

Don’t take them off of traction

NEVER twist the affected area of the patient when moving them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do you need to know about temperature care when in a cast?

A

Heat from an infection and Cold from an ice pack can transfer through the cast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is one complication you need to worry about when using a cast?

A

Compartment Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the six P’s in neurovascular assessment?

A

Pain
-Especially severe & unrelieved

Pulses
-Check both affected & unaffected

Paresthesia
-Numbness or tingling

Pallor
-Pale color

Paralysis

  • ROM
  • Strength

Polar
-Coolness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When does usually compartment syndrome occur?

A

Occurs 4-12 hours after device applied

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is compartment syndrome and what causes it?

What can you do to possibly avoid it?

A

Increasing pressure within the confined myofascial walls compromises the neurovascular function of tissues within that space

  • Edema
  • Decreased Perfusion
  • Increased Ischemia
  • Tight dressings
  • Tight casts
  • Tight splints

CMS Checks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are ways to assess Compartment Syndrome?

A
  • Loss Function
  • Increasing pain that is UNRELIEVED by opioid analgesia
  • Increasing pain with stretching of the muscle compartment
  • Paresthesia (abnromal sensation- burning, pricking, or tingling)
  • Taut (stretched or pulled tight, no slack) skin over the injured area
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What can you do when lying down to check for low back pain?

A

If you lay down and you try to raise your leg and you can’t do it because of the pain, you have low back pain.

17
Q

What are some reasons that can make fractures occur more easily?

A

Osteoporosis

Chronic Corticosteroid Use

18
Q

How long does buck’s traction usually last?

How heavy are the weights being used?

A

Short Term: 48-72 hours

5-10 pounds

19
Q

How long does bone traction usually last?

How heavy are the weights being used?

A

Long Term: >72

4-45 pounds

20
Q

What two things can increase the chances of getting a fracture?

A

Osteoporosis

Chronic Corticosteroid Use

21
Q

Fact:

Adjacent Structures are affected when bones are fractured

A

Fact:

Fractures are accompanied by localized tissue inflammation and muscle spasm

22
Q

What are some not well known risk factors for fractures?

A
  • Decreased Circulation
  • Immunocompromised status
  • Presence of Infection (systemic or osteomyelitis)
  • Neoplasms (specifically bone cancer)
  • Cushings Syndrome
23
Q

What are some manifestations of Fractures?

A
  • Distal loss of pulse or sensation
  • Muscle Spasms
  • Ecchymosis (Extravasation of blood causes bruising)
  • Crepitation (grating or crackling sound or sensation produced by the fractured ends of a bone moving against each other)
24
Q

What is a closed reduction of a fracture?

A

Non-surgical, manual realignment of bone fragments to the previous position
-Traction is usually applied

25
Q

What is an open reduction of a fracture?

A

Reduction or Correction of bone alignment through Surgical Incision involving manipulation of bone

26
Q

What is Internal Fixation of a Fracture?

A

Use of wire, screws, pins, plates, cords, or nails to realign fracture

27
Q

What is an ORIF: Open Reduction Internal Fixation of a fracture?

A

Surgical incision is made, manipulation of the bone and stabilization of fractured bony part made by direct fixation to another with surgical wires, screws, bone glue

28
Q

What is External Fixation of a fracture?

A

Fixation of fractured bones by splints, plastic dressings, transfixation pins, or by use of an external fixator

29
Q

What is used in skin traction?

A

Tape, Boots, Slings

30
Q

What is used in skeletal traction?

A

Nails, Pins, Wires, Tongs into bone

31
Q

What is the best way to improve musculoskeletal healing in terms of nutrition?

A

High Protein and High Calorie Diet

32
Q

What should you DON’T DO for a cast?

A
  • Insert objects into cast
  • Remove any padding
  • Weight Bearing within x48 hours
  • Cover cast with plastic for any length of time
33
Q

What should you DO for a cast?

A
  • Apply ice x24 hours & keep dry
  • Elevate x24 hours
  • ROM above and below
  • Smooth out all edges so no irritating projections
34
Q

How do you assess for infection in a cast?

A

Feel for “Hot Spots” on the surface of the cast

NS 313- Med Surg Exam 2 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions