upper GI physiology Flashcards
list the 6 basic process involved in digestion
ingestion secretion motility digestion absorption defecation.
11 major structures of the digestive system
1.Oesophagus 2.Stomach 3. Duodenum 4. Jejunum 5. Ileum 6. Ascending colon 7. Transverse colon 8. Descending colon 9. Sigmoid colon 10. Rectum 11. Anus
list the function of the following respectively: Mouth Pharynx and oesophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine Rectum and anus
- Mouth—bite, chew, swallow
- Pharynx and oesophagus—-transport Stomach—-mechanical disruption; absorption of water & alcohol Small intestine–chemical & mechanical digestion & absorption Large intestine—-absorb electrolytes & vitamins (B and K) Rectum and anus—defecation
list the major sphincters in the digestive system for the oesophagus
Upper oesophageal sphincter in the (Pharynx and oesophagus) Lower oesophageal sphincter in the (Oesophagus and stomach)
list the major sphincters in the digestive system for the stomach
Cardiac sphincter (LOS)in the (Oesophagus and stomach) Pyloric sphincter in the (Stomach and duodenum)
list the major sphincters in the digestive system for the small intestine
Sphincter of Oddi
list 3 large intestine valves. (sphincters)
Ileocaecal sphincter – ileum and caecum Internal anal sphincter – involuntary smooth muscle External anal sphincter – voluntary skeletal muscle
list the four layers of the gastrointestinal tract
serosa (areolar connective tissue and epithelium) muscularis (circular muscle and longitudinal muscle) submucossa mucosa- (epithelium, lamina propria and muscularis mucosae)
label the diagram in order.
what diagram is in diagram 2
endoscope of the fundus of a healthy stomach
name and labelle this diagram.
what are the layers of the GI tract and their components
labelle this and list the fuction of the cells
cells surface mucous cell.
what are the class of drugs that regulate acid secretion?
state their function and types
explain the control of acid secretion audio
see in phone recorder
explain the drugs that regulate acid secretion audio
see in phone ecorder
explain the synthesis of acid audio?
see in phone ecorder
which cell contains microvilli in small intestine?
absorptive cell
________is essential for the absorption of vitamin B12 intrinsic factor
intrinsic factor
__________acts as a lubricant for when the serosa layer rubs against the abdominal wall preventing friction, mostly when undertaking vigorous exercises
epithelium in the serosa layer
list the layers of the canal from inner most to outer most.
- mucosa
- submucosa
- muscularis
- serosa
why is there an excetion to the layer structure in the oesophagus
because instead of having a serosa, it is has an adventia due to the adventia allows firm attachment within the thorasic organs.
what is the exception in the stomachlayer structure?
internal anatomy of the stomach called the rugae of mucosa
what is the rugae of mucosa
folds of the epithelial surface of the stomach, it allows accommodation of significant quantities of food in the stomach, while eating.
what is the fundus?
is a layer of smooth muscle which relaxes to accomodate food
what does the oblique muscle do?
makes sure of the efficiency of the mechanicl digestion. where food is mixed properly together with digestive juices.
