upper GI physiology

Question 1

list the 6 basic process involved in digestion

Answer 1

ingestion secretion motility digestion absorption defecation.

Question 2

11 major structures of the digestive system

Answer 2

1.Oesophagus 2.Stomach 3. Duodenum 4. Jejunum 5. Ileum 6. Ascending colon 7. Transverse colon 8. Descending colon 9. Sigmoid colon 10. Rectum 11. Anus

Question 3

list the function of the following respectively: Mouth Pharynx and oesophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine Rectum and anus

Answer 3

1. Mouth—bite, chew, swallow
2. Pharynx and oesophagus—-transport Stomach—-mechanical disruption; absorption of water & alcohol Small intestine–chemical & mechanical digestion & absorption Large intestine—-absorb electrolytes & vitamins (B and K) Rectum and anus—defecation

Question 4

list the major sphincters in the digestive system for the oesophagus

Answer 4

Upper oesophageal sphincter in the (Pharynx and oesophagus) Lower oesophageal sphincter in the (Oesophagus and stomach)

Question 5

list the major sphincters in the digestive system for the stomach

Answer 5

Cardiac sphincter (LOS)in the (Oesophagus and stomach) Pyloric sphincter in the (Stomach and duodenum)

Question 6

list the major sphincters in the digestive system for the small intestine

Answer 6

Sphincter of Oddi

Question 7

list 3 large intestine valves. (sphincters)

Answer 7

Ileocaecal sphincter – ileum and caecum Internal anal sphincter – involuntary smooth muscle External anal sphincter – voluntary skeletal muscle

Question 8

list the four layers of the gastrointestinal tract

Answer 8

serosa (areolar connective tissue and epithelium) muscularis (circular muscle and longitudinal muscle) submucossa mucosa- (epithelium, lamina propria and muscularis mucosae)

Question 9

label the diagram in order.

Answer 9

Question 10

what diagram is in diagram 2

Answer 10

endoscope of the fundus of a healthy stomach

Question 11

name and labelle this diagram.

Answer 11

Question 12

what are the layers of the GI tract and their components

Answer 12

Question 13

labelle this and list the fuction of the cells

Answer 13

Question 14

cells surface mucous cell.

Question 15

what are the class of drugs that regulate acid secretion?

state their function and types

Answer 15

Question 16

explain the control of acid secretion audio

Answer 16

see in phone recorder

Question 17

explain the drugs that regulate acid secretion audio

Answer 17

see in phone ecorder

Question 18

explain the synthesis of acid audio?

Answer 18

see in phone ecorder

Question 19

which cell contains microvilli in small intestine?

Answer 19

absorptive cell

Question 20

________is essential for the absorption of vitamin B12 intrinsic factor

Answer 20

intrinsic factor

Question 21

__________acts as a lubricant for when the serosa layer rubs against the abdominal wall preventing friction, mostly when undertaking vigorous exercises

Answer 21

epithelium in the serosa layer

Question 22

list the layers of the canal from inner most to outer most.

Answer 22

1. mucosa
2. submucosa
3. muscularis
4. serosa

Question 23

why is there an excetion to the layer structure in the oesophagus

Answer 23

because instead of having a serosa, it is has an adventia due to the adventia allows firm attachment within the thorasic organs.

Question 24

what is the exception in the stomachlayer structure?

Answer 24

internal anatomy of the stomach called the rugae of mucosa

Question 25

what is the rugae of mucosa

Answer 25

folds of the epithelial surface of the stomach, it allows accommodation of significant quantities of food in the stomach, while eating.

Question 26

what is the fundus?

Answer 26

is a layer of smooth muscle which relaxes to accomodate food

Question 27

what does the oblique muscle do?

Answer 27

makes sure of the efficiency of the mechanicl digestion. where food is mixed properly together with digestive juices.