Psychosis and depression: antipsychotics and antidepressants

Question 1

Explain Sensory-gating deficits?

Answer 1

Inability to filter out unimportant stimuli

Could lead to delusional thinking

Question 2

Explain Cognitive dysmetria

Answer 2

Abnormalities in sensory and cognitive processing

Question 3

Number of alterations in brain structure

Answer 3

Reduced volume in left frontal lobe

Reduced volume in left thalamus

Altered connections between thalamus and other structures

Consistent with neurodevelopmental hypothesis

Question 4

The dopamine hypothesis asserts that excessive dopamine in the mesolimbic pathway is associated with _______

Answer 4

Positive symptoms

Question 5

The glutamate hypothesis suggests that diminished levels of glutamate in cerebral cortex and limbic systems are responsible for_____________

Answer 5

Positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia

Question 6

Name the three Antipsychotic Drugs?

Answer 6

Typical

Atypical

Third generation

Question 7

Example of Typical Antipsychotics

Answer 7

Antagonist of D2 dopamine receptor

Help control positive symptoms

Question 8

Example of Atypical Antipsychotics

Answer 8

Antagonists for 5-HT2A and D2 receptors

Serotonin–dopamine hypothesis
Fast D2-off hypothesis

(Effective for positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms)

Question 9

Name all Antipsychotic Administration

Answer 9

Usually in pill form

Can be used as nasal spray

Can be injected

Question 10

Elevated mesolimbic dopamine is associated with _____ and reduced dopamine in prefrontal cortex are associated with___________

Answer 10

Positive symptoms

Negative symptoms and cognitive impairments

Question 11

What are the two different MAO

Answer 11

MAOA

MAOB

Question 12

MAOA is found in the _______ MAOB is found primarily in the ___

Answer 12

Brain, peripheral nervous system, and intestinal tract.

Brain

Question 13

MAO inhibitors can either permanently inhibit MAO or they can form _________

Answer 13

temporary bonds and/or be displaced.

Question 14

Mechanism and structure of Tricyclic Antidepressants

Answer 14

Three benzene rings in chemical structure

Block reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine

Some block muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and α1 norepinephrine receptors

Question 15

The effects at acetylcholine receptors cause a number of side effects including?

Answer 15

dry mouth, dry eyes, constipation, and urinary retention

Question 16

Bupropion inhibits reuptake of ?

Answer 16

norepinephrine and dopamine

Question 17

Reboxetine is a selective?

Answer 17

norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor

Question 18

Vortioxetine inhibits _______ reuptake but also serves as an antagonist of some serotonin receptors

Answer 18

serotonin

Question 19

Effects of Antidepressant Treatment?

Answer 19

Increased serotonin

Increased nucleus accumbens dopamine with chronic use

Increased prefrontal dopamine

Increased neuronal growth and production in hippocampus